Back Akhdam AF أخدام Arabic الاخدام ARZ Al-Akhdam Catalan Achdam German اخدام FA Akhdam French Al-Akhdam ID Afro-yemeniti Italian アフダーム Japanese
 Akhdam children in a Ta'izz neighborhood | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 500,000 - 3,500,000 (Unofficial sources)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Sana'a, Aden, Ibb, Ta'izz, Lahij, Abyan, Al Hudaydah, Mukalla | |
| Languages | |
| Yemeni Arabic | |
| Religion | |
| Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Afro-Arabs, Ethiopians, Nilotes and Yemeni Arabs[2][3][4][5][6] |
Al-Akhdām, Akhdām or Achdām (Arabic: الأخدام) ("the servants", singular Khadem, meaning "servant" in Arabic), are an Arabic-speaking ethnic or socio-economic group whose members live in Yemen. Although the Muhamashīn are Arabic-speaking Muslims just like most other Yemenis,[7] they are considered to be at the very bottom of the supposedly abolished caste ladder, they are socially segregated from other Yemenis and they are mostly confined to menial jobs in the country's major cities.[8] According to unofficial estimates, the Muhamashīn number between 500,000 and 3,500,000 individuals.[1]
- ^ a b "Yemen's Al-Akhdam face brutal oppression". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2013-11-29.
- ^ Non, Amy L.; Al-Meeri, Ali; Raaum, Ryan L.; Sanchez, Luisa F.; Mulligan, Connie J. (January 2011). "Mitochondrial DNA reveals distinct evolutionary histories for Jewish populations in Yemen and Ethiopia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 144 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21360. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 20623605.
- ^ Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F.; Scozzari, Rosaria; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (April 2003). "Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (4): 1058–1064. doi:10.1086/374384. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 1180338. PMID 12629598.
- ^ "Red Crescents: Race, Genetics, and Sickle Cell Disease in Turkey and Aden | SOAS University of London". www.soas.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2018-12-30. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan (2008-11-01). "Indian Oceanic Crossings: Music of the Afro-Asian Diaspora". African Diaspora. 1 (1–2): 135–154. doi:10.1163/187254608x346079. ISSN 1872-5457.
- ^ Washbrook, David (2012), "The World of the Indian Ocean", Routledge Handbook of the South Asian Diaspora, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9780203796528.ch1, ISBN 9780203796528
- ^ "YEMEN: Akhdam people suffer history of discrimination". IRINnews. November 2005. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
- ^ Robert F. Worth, "Languishing at the Bottom of Yemen’s Ladder", New York Times, (February 27 2008)