Berillio-10

Il berillio-10 (¹⁰Be) è un isotopo radioattivo del berillio che si forma nell'atmosfera terrestre principalmente grazie alla spallazione, tramite raggi cosmici, di azoto e ossigeno.^[1]^[2]^[3] Il suo tempo di emivita è di 1,39 × 10⁶ anni^[4]^[5] e decade per decadimento beta per formare uno isotopo stabile (il boro-10) con un massimo di energia di 556,2 keV. La reazione di decadimento èː ¹⁰Be→¹⁰B+e.

Dal momento che il berillio tende ad esistere in soluzioni a pH 5,5 (e considerando che le piogge acide nelle aree industrializzate hanno un pH<5), si dissolve ed è trasportato sulla crosta terrestre grazie all'acqua. Appena le precipitazioni diventano più alcaline, il berillio abbandona la soluzione e si accumula nel suolo, dove la sua emivita molto lunga gli consente di permanere a lungo in superficie prima di decadere a boro-10.

^ G.A. Kovaltsov e I.G. Usoskin, A new 3D numerical model of cosmogenic nuclide 10Be production in the atmosphere, in Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., vol. 291, 2010, pp. 182–199, Bibcode:2010E&PSL.291..182K, DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.011.
^ J. Beer, K. McCracken e R. von Steiger, Cosmogenic radionuclides: theory and applications in the terrestrial and space environments, in Physics of Earth and Space Environments, Springer, Berlin, vol. 26, 2012, DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-14651-0.
^ S.V. Poluianov, G.A. Kovaltsov, A.L. Mishev e I.G. Usoskin, Production of cosmogenic isotopes 7Be, 10Be, 14C, 22Na, and 36Cl in the atmosphere: Altitudinal profiles of yield functions, in J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres, vol. 121, 2016, pp. 8125–8136, Bibcode:2016JGRD..121.8125P, DOI:10.1002/2016JD025034, arXiv:1606.05899.
^ G. Korschinek, A. Bergmaier, T. Faestermann e U. C. Gerstmann, A new value for the half-life of 10Be by Heavy-Ion Elastic Recoil Detection and liquid scintillation counting, in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 268, 2010, pp. 187–191, Bibcode:2010NIMPB.268..187K, DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.020.
^ J. Chmeleff, F. von Blanckenburg, K. Kossert e D. Jakob, Determination of the ¹⁰Be half-life by multicollector ICP-MS and liquid scintillation counting, in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 268, 2010, pp. 192–199, Bibcode:2010NIMPB.268..192C, DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.012.

[Kov10-1] G.A. Kovaltsov e I.G. Usoskin, A new 3D numerical model of cosmogenic nuclide 10Be production in the atmosphere, in Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., vol. 291, 2010, pp. 182–199, Bibcode:2010E&PSL.291..182K, DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.011.

[Beer12-2] J. Beer, K. McCracken e R. von Steiger, Cosmogenic radionuclides: theory and applications in the terrestrial and space environments, in Physics of Earth and Space Environments, Springer, Berlin, vol. 26, 2012, DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-14651-0.

[Pol16-3] S.V. Poluianov, G.A. Kovaltsov, A.L. Mishev e I.G. Usoskin, Production of cosmogenic isotopes 7Be, 10Be, 14C, 22Na, and 36Cl in the atmosphere: Altitudinal profiles of yield functions, in J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres, vol. 121, 2016, pp. 8125–8136, Bibcode:2016JGRD..121.8125P, DOI:10.1002/2016JD025034, arXiv:1606.05899.

[Korschinek-4] G. Korschinek, A. Bergmaier, T. Faestermann e U. C. Gerstmann, A new value for the half-life of 10Be by Heavy-Ion Elastic Recoil Detection and liquid scintillation counting, in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 268, 2010, pp. 187–191, Bibcode:2010NIMPB.268..187K, DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.020.

[Chmeleff-5] J. Chmeleff, F. von Blanckenburg, K. Kossert e D. Jakob, Determination of the ¹⁰Be half-life by multicollector ICP-MS and liquid scintillation counting, in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 268, 2010, pp. 192–199, Bibcode:2010NIMPB.268..192C, DOI:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.012.

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Berillio-10

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