FOXP3

FOXP3
PDBに登録されている構造 PDB オルソログ検索: RCSB PDBe PDBj PDBのIDコード一覧 3QRF, 4WK8
識別子
記号	FOXP3, AIID, DIETER, IPEX, JM2, PIDX, XPID, forkhead box P3
外部ID	OMIM: 300292 MGI: 1891436 HomoloGene: 8516 GeneCards: FOXP3
遺伝子の位置 (ヒト) 染色体 X染色体[1] バンド データ無し 開始点 49,250,438 bp[1] 終点 49,270,477 bp[1]
遺伝子の位置 (マウス) 染色体 X染色体 (マウス)[2] バンド データ無し 開始点 7,439,883 bp[2] 終点 7,461,484 bp[2]
RNA発現パターン さらなる参照発現データ
遺伝子オントロジー 分子機能 • sequence-specific DNA binding • NF-kappaB binding • transcription corepressor activity • 核酸結合 • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding • 血漿タンパク結合 • ヒストンデアセチラーゼ結合 • DNA-binding transcription factor activity • NFAT protein binding • histone acetyltransferase binding • 金属イオン結合 • DNA結合 • protein homodimerization activity • DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific • RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding 細胞の構成要素 • 細胞核 • 細胞内 • 細胞質 • 核質 • 高分子複合体 生物学的プロセス • negative regulation of cell population proliferation • negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity • B cell homeostasis • regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes • myeloid cell homeostasis • negative regulation of inflammatory response • positive regulation of interleukin-4 production • regulation of immunoglobulin production • regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II • regulation of T cell anergy • negative regulation of interleukin-6 production • tolerance induction to self antigen • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity • positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction • negative regulation of immune response • negative regulation of interferon-gamma production • 耐性誘導 • regulatory T cell differentiation • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • negative regulation of interleukin-2 production • positive regulation of histone acetylation • negative regulation of interleukin-5 production • negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation • positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II • negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation • positive regulation of gene expression • negative regulation of interleukin-4 production • negative regulation of interleukin-10 production • negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production • T cell homeostasis • negative regulation of CREB transcription factor activity • negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation • T cell activation • positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus • positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation • negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II • positive regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction • positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation • negative regulation of histone acetylation • negative regulation of interleukin-17 production • response to virus • negative regulation of histone deacetylation • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment • positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation • negative regulation of T cell proliferation • クロマチンリモデリング • サイトカイン産生 • negative regulation of T cell cytokine production • negative regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes • T cell receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of T cell anergy • transcription, DNA-templated • T cell mediated immunity • 遺伝子発現の負の調節 • 解剖学的構造の形態形成 • regulation of Wnt signaling pathway • regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation 出典:Amigo / QuickGO
オルソログ
種	ヒト	マウス
Entrez	50943	20371
Ensembl	ENSG00000049768	ENSMUSG00000039521
UniProt	Q9BZS1	Q99JB6
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001114377 NM_014009	NM_001199347 NM_001199348 NM_054039
RefSeq (タンパク質)	NP_001107849 NP_054728	NP_001186276 NP_001186277 NP_473380
場所 (UCSC)	Chr X: 49.25 – 49.27 Mb	Chr X: 7.44 – 7.46 Mb
PubMed検索	[3]	[4]
ウィキデータ
閲覧/編集 ヒト 閲覧/編集 マウス

FOXP3（forkhead box P3）またはScurfinは、免疫応答に関与するタンパク質である^[5]。FOXP3はFOXタンパク質ファミリーのメンバーであり、制御性T細胞（Treg）の発生と機能の調節経路のマスターレギュレーター（英語版）として機能する^[6][7][8]。一般的に、制御性T細胞は免疫応答を抑える役割を果たす。がんでは制御性T細胞の過剰な活性によってがん細胞が免疫系による破壊を免れている場合があり、また自己免疫疾患では制御性T細胞の活性の欠乏によって他の自己免疫細胞による自組織への攻撃が行われるようになっている場合がある^[9][10]。

その正確な制御機構は十分には解明されていないものの、FOXタンパク質群は類似したDNA結合特性によって転写制御を行っていると考えられている。制御性T細胞のモデル系では、FOXP3は制御性T細胞の機能に関与する遺伝子群のプロモーターに結合し、またT細胞受容体刺激後に重要な遺伝子の転写を阻害している可能性がある^[11]。

1. ^ ^{a b c} GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000049768 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ ^{a b c} GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039521 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. ^ Human PubMed Reference:
4. ^ Mouse PubMed Reference:
5. ^ “Disruption of a new forkhead/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse”. Nature Genetics 27 (1): 68–73. (January 2001). doi:10.1038/83784. PMID 11138001. 
6. ^ “Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3”. Science 299 (5609): 1057–61. (February 2003). Bibcode: 2003Sci...299.1057H. doi:10.1126/science.1079490. PMID 12522256. 
7. ^ “Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells”. Nature Immunology 4 (4): 330–6. (April 2003). doi:10.1038/ni904. PMID 12612578. 
8. ^ “Regulatory T cell lineage specification by the forkhead transcription factor foxp3”. Immunity 22 (3): 329–41. (March 2005). doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.01.016. PMID 15780990. 
9. ^ “Regulatory T cells: mechanisms of differentiation and function”. Annual Review of Immunology 30 (January): 531–64. (January 2012). doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141623. PMC 6066374. PMID 22224781. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6066374/. 
10. ^ “The regulation of Foxp3 expression in regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+)T cells: multiple pathways on the road”. Journal of Cellular Physiology 211 (3): 590–7. (June 2007). doi:10.1002/jcp.21001. PMID 17311282. 
11. ^ “Foxp3 occupancy and regulation of key target genes during T-cell stimulation”. Nature 445 (7130): 931–5. (February 2007). Bibcode: 2007Natur.445..931M. doi:10.1038/nature05478. PMC 3008159. PMID 17237765. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3008159/.