The Fanzor (Fz) protein is an eukaryotic, RNA-guided DNA endonuclease, which means it is a type of DNA cutting enzyme that uses RNA to target genes of interest. It has been recently[when?] discovered and explored in a number of studies.[1][2][3] In bacteria, RNA-guided DNA endonuclease systems, such as the CRISPR/Cas system, serve as an immune system to prevent infection by cutting viral genetic material.[4] Currently, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated's DNA cleavage has extensive application in biological research, and wide-reaching medical potential in human gene editing.[4]
Fanzor belongs to the OMEGA system.[1][2][4] Evolutionarily, it shares a common ancestor, OMEGA TnpB, with the CRISPR/Cas12 system.[1][5] Due to the shared ancestry between the OMEGA system and the CRISPR system, the protein structure and DNA cleavage function of Fanzor and Cas12 remain largely conserved.[1][6] Combined with the widespread presence of Fanzor across the diverse genomes of different eukaryotic species,[6] this raises the possibility of OMEGA Fanzor being an alternative to CRISPR/Cas system with better efficiency and compatibility in other complex eukaryotic organisms, such as mammals.
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