Galinstan

Galinstan
Galinstan
	Galinstan from a broken thermometer wetting a disc of glass
Physical properties
Density (ρ)	6.44 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Thermal properties
Melting temperature (Tm)	−19 °C (-2 °F)
Specific heat capacity (c)	296 J·kg−1·K−1
	Sources

Galinstan is a brand name for an alloy composed of gallium, indium, and tin which melts at −19 °C (−2 °F) and is thus liquid at room temperature.^[4]^[5] In scientific literature, galinstan is also used to denote the eutectic alloy of gallium, indium, and tin, which melts at around +11 °C (52 °F).^[5] The commercial product Galinstan is not a eutectic alloy, but a near eutectic alloy.^[5] Additionally, it likely has added flux to improve flowability, to reduce melting temperature, and to reduce surface tension.^[5]

Eutectic galinstan is composed of 68.5% Ga, 21.5% In, and 10.0% Sn (by weight).^[6]

Due to the low toxicity and low reactivity of its component metals, galinstan has replaced the toxic liquid mercury or the reactive alloy NaK in many applications^[which?].

^ Hodes, Marc; Zhang, Rui; Steigerwalt Lam, Lisa; Wilcoxon, Ross; Lower, Nate (2014). "On the Potential of Galinstan-Based Minichannel and Minigap Cooling". IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology. 4 (1): 46–56. doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2013.2274699. ISSN 2156-3950. S2CID 30876603.
^ Cite error: The named reference scitoys was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference melt and boil pt. was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Surmann, P; Zeyat, H (Nov 2005). "Voltammetric analysis using a self-renewable non-mercury electrode". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 383 (6): 1009–1013. doi:10.1007/s00216-005-0069-7. PMID 16228199. S2CID 22732411.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Handschuh-Wang, Stephan; Gan, Tiansheng; Rauf, Muhammad; Yang, Weifa; Stadler, Florian J.; Zhou, Xuechang (December 2022). "The subtle difference between Galinstan and eutectic GaInSn". Materialia. 26: 101642. doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2022.101642. S2CID 254003580.
^ Liu, Jing (2018-07-14). "Ch 5 Preparations and Characterizations of Functional Liquid Metal Materials". Liquid metal biomaterials : principles and applications. Yi, Liting. Singapore. p. 96. ISBN 9789811056079. OCLC 1044746336.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[properties2-1] Hodes, Marc; Zhang, Rui; Steigerwalt Lam, Lisa; Wilcoxon, Ross; Lower, Nate (2014). "On the Potential of Galinstan-Based Minichannel and Minigap Cooling". IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology. 4 (1): 46–56. doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2013.2274699. ISSN 2156-3950. S2CID 30876603.

[scitoys-2] Cite error: The named reference scitoys was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[melt_and_boil_pt.-3] Cite error: The named reference melt and boil pt. was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[4] Surmann, P; Zeyat, H (Nov 2005). "Voltammetric analysis using a self-renewable non-mercury electrode". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 383 (6): 1009–1013. doi:10.1007/s00216-005-0069-7. PMID 16228199. S2CID 22732411.

[:0-5] Handschuh-Wang, Stephan; Gan, Tiansheng; Rauf, Muhammad; Yang, Weifa; Stadler, Florian J.; Zhou, Xuechang (December 2022). "The subtle difference between Galinstan and eutectic GaInSn". Materialia. 26: 101642. doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2022.101642. S2CID 254003580.

[6] Liu, Jing (2018-07-14). "Ch 5 Preparations and Characterizations of Functional Liquid Metal Materials". Liquid metal biomaterials : principles and applications. Yi, Liting. Singapore. p. 96. ISBN 9789811056079. OCLC 1044746336.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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