Gaman

Gaman (我慢, Gaman^?) es una palabra japonesa originaria del budismo zen que significa "soportar lo aparentemente insoportable con paciencia y dignidad".^[1]​ El término se traduce generalmente como "perseverancia", "paciencia", "tolerancia", o "abnegación".^[2]​ Un término relacionado, gamanzuyoi (我慢強い, gaman-tsuyoi^?), que añade tsuyoi ("fuerza"), significa "sufrir lo insufrible", o "tener una gran capacidad de resistencia estoica".^[3]​

Gaman se describe de diversas maneras como una "ley",^[4]​ una "virtud,"^[5]​ un "ethos",^[6]​ un "rasgo",^[7]​ etc. Significa actuar lo mejor que uno pueda en tiempos de adversidad y mantener el autocontrol y la disciplina.^[8]​^[9]​^[10]​^[11]​^[12]​

El Gaman es una enseñanza del budismo zen.^[13]​

1. ↑ Smithsonian, "The Art of Gaman", "Arts and Crafts from the Japanese American Internment Camps, 1942-1946" Archivado el 3 de marzo de 2011 en Wayback Machine.
2. ↑ WWWJDIC Archivado el 11 de abril de 2013 en Wayback Machine.
3. ↑ DeMente, Boye. (2003). Japan's Cultural Code Words: 233 Key Terms that Explain the Attitudes and Behavior of the Japanese, págs. 74-75., p. 74, en Google Libros
4. ↑ "Crushed, but true to law of gaman," The Australian (Australia), 16 de marzo de 2011; headline excerpt, "...true to law of gaman"
5. ↑ "Japanese resilience shines in light of tragedy,"CTV Ottawa (Canada), 19 de marzo de 2011; excerpt, "... "it can't be helped," as well as the virtue "gaman" which defies easy translation, ... "
6. ↑ Arnold, Wayne. "Enduring the unendurable," Business Standard (India). 15 de marzo de 2011; extracto, "Experience with crises has shaped the Japanese ethos of "gaman" — "enduring the unendurable". Even after the March 11 disaster ...."
7. ↑ Jones, Clayton. "A nuclear meltdown in Japan? Not if these brave workers can help it," Christian Science Monitor(US). 15 de marzo de 2011; extracto: "One noble trait that the Japanese admire is gaman. It is their word for the ability to persevere, endure, and overcome, with patience .... Japan may remember them for their gaman despite personal exposure to dangerous levels of radiation.
8. ↑ Shibusawa, T.: Japanese American Elders In: Kolb, Patricia J. (Ed.) (2007). Social Work Practice with Ethnically and Racially Diverse Nursing Home Residents and Their Families, p. 146., p. 146, en Google Libros
9. ↑ Burns, Catherine. (2004). Sexual violence and the law in Japan, p. 51., p. 51, en Google Libros
10. ↑ "A nuclear meltdown in Japan? Not if these brave workers can help it," Christian Science Monitor(US). 15 de marzo de 2011; recuperado el 4 de abril de 2011; Arnold, Wayne. "Enduring the unendurable,"Business Standard (India), 15 de marzo de 2011; recuperado el 4 de abril de 2011
11. ↑ "U.S. troops exposed to radiation," Archivado el 17 de marzo de 2011 en Wayback Machine. Detroit Free Press (US), 16 de marzo de 2011; retrieved 18 March 2011; Lloyd, Mike. "Japanese remain calm while dealing with quake aftermath," Archivado el 24 de marzo de 2011 en Wayback Machine. National Post (Canada). 16 March 2011; retrieved 18 March 2011
12. ↑ "Japan as nuclear crisis worsens," Archivado el 26 de julio de 2011 en Wayback Machine. USA Today (US). March 17, 2011; retrieved 28 March 2011
13. ↑ West, Mark I. (2009). The Japanification of Children's Popular Culture: from Godzilla to Miyazaki, p. 4., p. 4, en Google Libros