Grelin

GHRL
Dostupne strukture PDB Pretraga ortologa: PDBe RCSB Spisak PDB ID kodova 1P7X,%%s2JSH, 2JSI, 2JSJ
Identifikatori
Aliasi	GHRL
Vanjski ID-jevi	OMIM: 605353 MGI: 1930008 HomoloGene: 9487 GeneCards: GHRL
Lokacija gena (čovjek) Hrom. Hromosom 3 (čovjek)[1] Bend 3p25.3 Početak 10,285,666 bp[1] Kraj 10,292,947 bp[1]
Lokacija gena (miš) Hrom. Hromosom 6 (miš)[2] Bend 6 E3|6 52.84 cM Početak 113,693,080 bp[2] Kraj 113,696,841 bp[2]
Ontologija gena Molekularna funkcija • protein tyrosine kinase activator activity • hormone activity • GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine • ghrelin receptor binding • G protein-coupled receptor binding • growth hormone-releasing hormone activity Ćelijska komponenta • postsynapse • citoplazma • endoplasmic reticulum lumen • extracellular region • Akson • secretory granule lumen • Vanćelijsko • Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse • glutamatergic synapse Biološki proces • positive regulation of appetite • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of cortisol secretion • positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway • negative regulation of insulin secretion • gastric acid secretion • positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration • dendrite development • regulation of response to food • negative regulation of apoptotic process • positive regulation of corticotropin secretion • negative regulation of locomotion • cortisol secretion • response to estrogen • negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation • positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep • cartilage development • decidualization • regulation of cell population proliferation • growth hormone secretion • positive regulation of growth hormone secretion • excitatory postsynaptic potential • hormone-mediated signaling pathway • glucose metabolic process • positive regulation of multicellular organism growth • negative regulation of angiogenesis • response to hormone • actin polymerization or depolymerization • positive regulation of response to food • negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep • negative regulation of inflammatory response • positive regulation of insulin secretion • positive regulation of synapse assembly • positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity • adult feeding behavior • response to nutrient levels • positive regulation of eating behavior • positive regulation of adipose tissue development • negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production • gastric emptying • positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus • positive regulation of growth • response to electrical stimulus • regulation of transmission of nerve impulse • positive regulation of bone development • positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis • positive regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction • positive regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction • regulation of gastric motility • positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation • positive regulation of growth rate • positive regulation of small intestinal transit • positive regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation • positive regulation of feeding behavior • regulation of signaling receptor activity • energy homeostasis • postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission • regulation of postsynapse organization • positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
Vrste	Čovjek	Miš
Entrez	51738	58991
Ensembl	ENSG00000157017	ENSMUSG00000064177
UniProt	Q9UBU3	Q9EQX0
RefSeq (mRNK)	NM_001134941 NM_001134944 NM_001134945 NM_001134946 NM_001302821 NM_001302822 NM_001302823 NM_001302824 NM_001302825 NM_016362	NM_021488 NM_001286404 NM_001286405 NM_001286406 NM_001379129
RefSeq (bjelančevina)	NP_001128413 NP_001128416 NP_001128417 NP_001128418 NP_001289750 NP_001289751 NP_001289752 NP_001289753 NP_001289754 NP_057446 NP_001128413 NP_001128416 NP_001128417 NP_001128418 NP_001289750 NP_001289751 NP_001289752 NP_001289753 NP_001289754 NP_057446	NP_001273333 NP_001273334 NP_001273335 NP_067463 NP_001366058
Lokacija (UCSC)	Chr 3: 10.29 – 10.29 Mb	Chr 6: 113.69 – 113.7 Mb
PubMed pretraga	[3]	[4]
Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek Pogledaj/uredi – miš

Grelin ili lenomorelin, INN, je cirkulirajući hormon kojeg proizvode enteroendokrine ćelije gastrointestinalnog trakta, posebno želudac,^[5][6] a često se naziva "hormonom gladi" jer povećava unos hrane.^[6] Razina grelina u krvi je najviša prije obroka kada je osoba gladna, a na niži nivo vraća se nakon obroka.^[6][7] Grelin također može pomoći i u pripremi za unos hrane,^[6][8] povećanjem želučanog motiliteta i lučenja želučane kiseline.^[6]

Grelin aktivira ćelije u prednjem režnju hipofize i hipotalamusno lučno jezgro,^[6][9] uključujući neurone neuropeptida Y koji podstiču apetit.^[6][10] Grelin stimulira moždane strukture koje imaju receptor – sekretagog receptor 1A (GHSR - 1A) hormona rasta.^[6][11] Također učestvuje u regulaciji spoznaja nagrade,^[12] učenja i pamćenja i tciklusa spavanje-buđenje, osjećanja okusa, ponašanje nagrađivanja i metabolizam glukoze.^[6][13][14]

1. ^ ^{a b c} GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000157017 - Ensembl, maj 2017
2. ^ ^{a b c} GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000064177 - Ensembl, maj 2017
3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. ^ Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K (decembar 1999). "Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach". Nature. 402 (6762): 656–60. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..656K. doi:10.1038/45230. PMID 10604470.
6. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Müller TD, Nogueiras R, Andermann ML, Andrews ZB, Anker SD, Argente J, et al. (juni 2015). "Ghrelin". Molecular Metabolism. 4 (6): 437–60. doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2015.03.005. PMC 4443295. PMID 26042199.
7. ^ Cummings DE, Purnell JQ, Frayo RS, Schmidova K, Wisse BE, Weigle DS (august 2001). "A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans". Diabetes. 50 (8): 1714–9. doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1714. PMID 11473029.
8. ^ Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Schwartz_2000
9. ^ Dickson SL, Leng G, Robinson IC (mart 1993). "Systemic administration of growth hormone-releasing peptide activates hypothalamic arcuate neurons". Neuroscience. 53 (2): 303–6. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(93)90197-n. PMID 8492908.
10. ^ Dickson SL, Luckman SM (februar 1997). "Induction of c-fos messenger ribonucleic acid in neuropeptide Y and growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus following systemic injection of the GH secretagogue, GH-releasing peptide-6". Endocrinology. 138 (2): 771–7. doi:10.1210/endo.138.2.4907. PMID 9003014.
11. ^ Howard AD, Feighner SD, Cully DF, Arena JP, Liberator PA, Rosenblum CI, et al. (august 1996). "A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth hormone release". Science. 273 (5277): 974–7. Bibcode:1996Sci...273..974H. doi:10.1126/science.273.5277.974. PMID 8688086.
12. ^ Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Holtzman DM, Malenka RC (2015). "Neural and Neuroendocrine Control of the Internal Milieu". Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (3rd izd.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. str. 245–267. ISBN 9780071827690.
13. ^ Dickson SL, Egecioglu E, Landgren S, Skibicka KP, Engel JA, Jerlhag E (juni 2011). "The role of the central ghrelin system in reward from food and chemical drugs". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 340 (1): 80–7. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.02.017. hdl:2077/26318. PMID 21354264.
14. ^ Le Moal M (2002). "Mesocorticolimbic Dopaminergic Neurons". u Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ured.). Neuropsychopharmacology : the fifth generation of progress : an official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (5th izd.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0781728379. Arhivirano s originala, 5. 2. 2018. Pristupljeno 1. 9. 2020.