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Herrerasaurus
| Herrerasaurus Temporal range: Late Triassic (Carnian),
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|---|---|
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| Reconstructed skeleton in Japan | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | Saurischia |
| Family: | †Herrerasauridae |
| Genus: | †Herrerasaurus Reig, 1963 |
| Species: | †H. ischigualastensis
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| Binomial name | |
| †Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Reig, 1963
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| Synonyms | |
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Herrerasaurus is likely a genus of saurischian dinosaur from the Late Triassic period. Measuring 6 m (20 ft) long and weighing around 350 kg (770 lb), this genus was one of the earliest dinosaurs from the fossil record. Its name means "Herrera's lizard", after the rancher who discovered the first specimen in 1958 in South America. All known fossils of this carnivore have been discovered in the Ischigualasto Formation of Carnian age (late Triassic according to the ICS, dated to 231.4 million years ago) in northwestern Argentina.[1] The type species, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis, was described by Osvaldo Reig in 1963[2] and is the only species assigned to the genus. Ischisaurus and Frenguellisaurus are synonyms.
For many years, the classification of Herrerasaurus was unclear because it was known from very fragmentary remains. It was hypothesized to be a basal theropod, a basal sauropodomorph, a basal saurischian, or not a dinosaur at all but another type of archosaur. However, with the discovery of an almost complete skeleton and skull in 1988,[3][4] Herrerasaurus has been classified as an early saurischian in most of the phylogenies on the origin and early evolution of dinosaurs.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
It is a member of the Herrerasauridae, a family of similar genera that were among the earliest of the dinosaurian evolutionary radiation.[13][14]
- ^ Alcober, Oscar A.; Martinez, Ricardo N. (2010). "A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina". ZooKeys (63): 55–81. Bibcode:2010ZooK...63...55A. doi:10.3897/zookeys.63.550. PMC 3088398. PMID 21594020.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Reig1963was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Sereno, P.C.; Novas, F.E.; Arcucci, A.B.; C. Yu (1988). "New evidence on dinosaur and mammal origins from the Ischigualasto Formation (Upper Triassic, Argentina)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 8 (3, supplement): 26A. doi:10.1080/02724634.1988.10011734.
- ^ Sereno, P.C.; Novas, F.E. (1992). "The complete skull and skeleton of an early dinosaur". Science. 258 (5085): 1137–1140. Bibcode:1992Sci...258.1137S. doi:10.1126/science.258.5085.1137. PMID 17789086. S2CID 1640394.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cabreira, Sergio Furtado; Kellner, Alexander Wilhelm Armin; Dias-da-Silva, Sérgio; Roberto da Silva, Lúcio; Bronzati, Mario; Marsola, Júlio Cesar de Almeida; Müller, Rodrigo Temp; Bittencourt, Jonathas de Souza; Batista, Brunna Jul'Armando; Raugust, Tiago; Carrilho, Rodrigo (November 2016). "A Unique Late Triassic Dinosauromorph Assemblage Reveals Dinosaur Ancestral Anatomy and Diet". Current Biology. 26 (22): 3090–3095. Bibcode:2016CBio...26.3090C. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.040. PMID 27839975.
- ^ Müller, Rodrigo T.; Langer, Max C.; Bronzati, Mario; Pacheco, Cristian P.; Cabreira, Sérgio F.; Dias-da-Silva, Sérgio (May 15, 2018). "Early evolution of sauropodomorphs: anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of a remarkably well-preserved dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zly009. ISSN 0024-4082.
- ^ Müller, Rodrigo Temp; Garcia, Maurício Silva (August 2020). "A paraphyletic 'Silesauridae' as an alternative hypothesis for the initial radiation of ornithischian dinosaurs". Biology Letters. 16 (8): 20200417. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2020.0417. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 7480155. PMID 32842895.
- ^ Garcia, Maurício S.; Müller, Rodrigo T.; Pretto, Flávio A.; Da-Rosa, Átila A. S.; Dias-Da-Silva, Sérgio (January 2, 2021). "Taxonomic and phylogenetic reassessment of a large-bodied dinosaur from the earliest dinosaur-bearing beds (Carnian, Upper Triassic) from southern Brazil". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (1): 1–37. Bibcode:2021JSPal..19....1G. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1873433. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 232313141.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Langer04was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Langer, Max Cardoso; McPhee, Blair Wayne; Marsola, Júlio César de Almeida; Roberto-Da-Silva, Lúcio; Cabreira, Sérgio Furtado (February 20, 2019). "Anatomy of the dinosaur Pampadromaeus barberenai (Saurischia—Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation of southern Brazil". PLOS ONE. 14 (2): e0212543. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1412543L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212543. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6382151. PMID 30785940.
- ^ McPhee, Blair W.; Bittencourt, Jonathas S.; Langer, Max C.; Apaldetti, Cecilia; Da Rosa, Átila A. S. (February 1, 2020). "Reassessment of Unaysaurus tolentinoi (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic (early Norian) of Brazil, with a consideration of the evidence for monophyly within non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (3): 259–293. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18..259M. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1602856. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 182843217.
- ^ Nesbitt, S. J.; Smith, N. D.; Irmis, R. B.; Turner, A. H.; Downs, A. & Norell, M. A. (2009). "A complete skeleton of a Late Triassic saurischian and the early evolution of dinosaurs". Science. 326 (5959): 1530–1533. Bibcode:2009Sci...326.1530N. doi:10.1126/science.1180350. PMID 20007898. S2CID 8349110..
- ^ Airhart, Marc (December 10, 2009). "New Meat-Eating Dinosaur Alters Evolutionary Tree". Jackson School of Geosciences. Archived from the original on March 10, 2010.
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