KRAS

KRAS
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4WA7, 1D8D, 1D8E, 3GFT, 4DSN, 4DSO, 4EPR, 4EPT, 4EPV, 4EPW, 4EPX, 4EPY, 4L8G, 4LDJ, 4LPK, 4LRW, 4LUC, 4LV6, 4LYF, 4LYH, 4LYJ, 4M1O, 4M1S, 4M1T, 4M1W, 4M1Y, 4M21, 4M22, 4NMM, 4OBE, 4PZY, 4PZZ, 4Q01, 4Q02, 4Q03, 4QL3, 4TQ9, 4TQA, 4DST, 4DSU, 5F2E,%%s2MSC, 2MSD, 2MSE
Identifiers
Aliases	KRAS, C-K-RAS, CFC2, K-RAS2A, K-RAS2B, K-RAS4A, K-RAS4B, KI-RAS, KRAS1, KRAS2, NS, NS3, RALD, RASK2, K-ras, KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase, c-Ki-ras2, OES, c-Ki-ras, K-Ras 2, 'C-K-RAS, K-Ras, Kirsten RAt Sarcoma virus, Kirsten Rat Sarcoma virus
External IDs	OMIM: 190070 MGI: 96680 HomoloGene: 37990 GeneCards: KRAS
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12p12.1 Start 25,205,246 bp[1] End 25,250,936 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse)[2] Band 6 G3|6 77.37 cM Start 145,162,425 bp[2] End 145,195,965 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in trigeminal ganglion pylorus nipple oral cavity cardia jejunal mucosa endothelial cell Brodmann area 23 spinal ganglia superficial temporal artery Top expressed in Paneth cell left colon medullary collecting duct conjunctival fornix hair follicle ureter cumulus cell left lung lobe medial ganglionic eminence seminal vesicula More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding LRR domain binding GDP binding protein-containing complex binding GTP binding GMP binding protein binding GTPase activity identical protein binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol membrane focal adhesion extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane plasma membrane mitochondrion membrane raft Biological process visual learning negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process response to mineralocorticoid positive regulation of protein phosphorylation regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity regulation of protein stability epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of MAP kinase activity cytokine-mediated signaling pathway negative regulation of cell differentiation stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway response to glucocorticoid MAPK cascade axon guidance Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity forebrain astrocyte development endocrine signaling positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue striated muscle cell differentiation Ras protein signal transduction epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic actin cytoskeleton organization leukocyte migration signal transduction positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction positive regulation of gene expression positive regulation of cell population proliferation ERBB2 signaling pathway liver development positive regulation of cellular senescence female pregnancy response to isolation stress Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3845 16653 Ensembl ENSG00000133703 ENSMUSG00000030265 UniProt P01116 P32883 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004985 NM_033360 NM_001369786 NM_001369787 NM_021284 RefSeq (protein) NP_004976 NP_203524 NP_001356715 NP_001356716 NP_004976.2 NP_067259 NP_001390169 NP_001390170 NP_001390171 NP_001390172 NP_001390173 NP_001390174 NP_001390175 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 25.21 – 25.25 Mb Chr 6: 145.16 – 145.2 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus) is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein called K-Ras, a part of the RAS/MAPK pathway. The protein relays signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus. These signals instruct the cell to grow and divide (proliferate) or to mature and take on specialized functions (differentiate). It is called KRAS because it was first identified as a viral oncogene in the Kirsten RAt Sarcoma virus.^[5] The oncogene identified was derived from a cellular genome, so KRAS, when found in a cellular genome, is called a proto-oncogene.

The K-Ras protein is a GTPase, a class of enzymes which convert the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) into guanosine diphosphate (GDP). In this way the K-Ras protein acts like a switch that is turned on and off by the GTP and GDP molecules. To transmit signals, it must be turned on by attaching (binding) to a molecule of GTP. The K-Ras protein is turned off (inactivated) when it converts the GTP to GDP. When the protein is bound to GDP, it does not relay signals to the nucleus.

The gene product of KRAS, the K-Ras protein, was first found as a p21 GTPase.^[6][7] Like other members of the ras subfamily of GTPases, the K-Ras protein is an early player in many signal transduction pathways. K-Ras is usually tethered to cell membranes because of the presence of an isoprene group on its C-terminus. There are two protein products of the KRAS gene in mammalian cells that result from the use of alternative exon 4 (exon 4A and 4B respectively): K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B. These proteins have different structures in their C-terminal region and use different mechanisms to localize to cellular membranes, including the plasma membrane.^[8]