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| Khababash, Khabbash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![Part of the Stela of Nastasen mentioning (row 13) the Egyptian invader Kambasuten (most likely Khabash)[1]](view_image.php?q=Khabash&sq=crain_ford&lang=en&file=File:Stela_Nastasen_Kambasuten_Lepsius.jpg) Part of the Stela of Nastasen mentioning (row 13) the Egyptian invader Kambasuten (most likely Khabash)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | c.338 – c.335 BC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Artaxerxes III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Artaxerxes IV or Darius III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Dynasty | 31st Dynasty[3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Khabash, also Khababash or Khabbash, resided at Sais in the fifth nome of Lower Egypt in the 4th century BC. During the second Persian occupation of Egypt (343–332 BC), he led a revolt against the Persian rule in concert with his eldest son, from ca. 338 to 335 BC, a few years before the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great.[4] It is said that Nectanebo II, the exiled last native ruler of Egypt, may have helped in these events, but he was possibly sidelined for good as a result of the failure of the revolt.[citation needed]
Little is known about Khabash. He is referred to as "Lord of both lands",[5] i.e. King of Upper and Lower Egypt, and as "Son of Ra", another pharaonic title, and given the throne name of Senen-setep-en-Ptah in a decree by Ptolemy Lagides,[6] who became King Ptolemy I Soter in 305 BC.
Sometime in the 330s BC, an Egyptian ruler called Kambasuten – who is widely recognized as Khabash – led an invasion into the kingdom of Kush which was defeated by king Nastasen as recorded in a stela now in the Berlin museum. An Apis bull sarcophagus bearing his name was found in the Serapeum of Saqqara,[7] dating to his second regnal year.[8]
- ^ Gauthier, Henri (1916). Le Livre des rois d'Égypte IV. MIFAO. Vol. 20. Cairo. p. 139. OCLC 473879272
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (here misinterpreted as Cambyses II). - ^ Henri Gauthier, op. cit., p. 196.
- ^ Placed in this dynasty only for chronological reasons, as he was not related to the Achaemenids.
- ^ Vasunia, Phiroze (2001). The Gift of the Nile: Hellenizing Egypt from Aeschylus to Alexander. University of California Press. p. 266. ISBN 0-520-22820-0.
- ^ Records of the Past Being English Translations of the Assyrian and Egyptian Monuments. Adamant Media. 2001. p. 73.
- ^ "The decree of Ptolemy Lagides". Archived from the original on 2018-10-04. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
- ^ Baedeker, Karl (2000) [1898]. Egypt. Adamant Media. p. 130. ISBN 1-4021-9705-5.
- ^ Birch, Samuel (1883). Egypt from the earliest times to B.C. 300. Ancient history from the monuments. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. p. 189. OCLC 82441982.