Back Lemkos AN ليمكوس ARZ Лемкі BE Lemkové Czech Łemkòwie CSB Lemken (Volksgruppe) German Λέμκοι Greek Lemkos Spanish Lemkot Finnish Lemkos French
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 Flag of Polish Lemkos[1] | |
_..jpg) Members of the folk group Osławianie from Mokre in original Lemko highlander folk-costumes | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 75,228 700,000 (ancestory)[2] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Slovakia | 63,556 (2021)[a][3] 100,000 (ancestory)[2] |
 Poland | 11,000 (2011)[4] 100,000 (ancestory)[2] |
 Ukraine | 672 (census 2001)[5] 350,000 (ancestory)[2] |
| North America | 150,000 (ancestory)[2] |
| Post-Yugoslavia states | 50,000 (ancestory)[2] |
| Languages | |
| Rusyn, Slovak, Polish, Ukrainian | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Ukrainian Greek Catholic or Eastern Orthodox, with Roman Catholic minorities | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Ukrainians, Boykos, Hutsuls, Rusyns | |
Lemkos (Rusyn: Лeмкы, romanized: Lemkŷ; Polish: Łemkowie; Ukrainian: Лемки, romanized: Lemky; Slovak: Lemkovia) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Lemko Region (Rusyn: Лемковина, romanized: Lemkovyna; Ukrainian: Лемківщина, romanized: Lemkivshchyna) of Carpathian Rus', an ethnographic region in the Carpathian Mountains and foothills spanning Ukraine, Slovakia and Poland.
Lemkos are often considered to be a sub-group of Rusyns.[6][7] In Ukraine, they are often identified as being a sub-group of Ukrainians.[2] Members of these groups have historically also been given other designations such as Verkhovyntsi (Highlanders). Among people of the Carpathian highlands, communities speaking the same dialect will identify with a different ethnic label when crossing borders due to the influence of state-sponsored education and media. As well the same community may switch its preferred identification over time. In Slovakia between the 1991 and 2001 censuses, the number of people identifying as "Ukrainian" declined by 2,467 people (an 18.6% decrease) while those reporting Rusyn as their national identity increased by 7,004 people (a 40.6% increase). It is not clear however, if this refers to the same individuals switching their identification, more young first-time respondents choosing Rusyn, or migration.[8]
The spoken language of the Lemkos, which has a code of rue under ISO 639-3, has been variously described as a language in its own right, a dialect of Ukrainian,[9] or a dialect of Rusyn. In Ukraine, almost all Lemkos speak both Lemko and standard Ukrainian (according to the 2001 Ukrainian Census).[5] Ukraine itself categorizes Lemkos as an ethnic subgroup of Ukrainians and not as a separate ethnicity.[10] In the Polish Census of 2011, 11,000 people declared Lemko nationality, of whom 6,000 declared only Lemko nationality, 4,000 declared double national identity – Lemko-Polish, and 1,000 declared Lemko identity together with a non-Polish identity.[4] I.D. Liubchyk (І.Д.Любчик) cites the number of around 700 thousand people with Lemko ancestory in the world, out of which 350 thousand are in Ukraine, 150 thousand in North America, 100 thousand in Poland, 100 thousand in Poland, 100 thousand in Slovakia and 50 thousand in Post-Yugoslavia states.[11] During the population census in Ukraine in 2001, the majority of Lemkos identified themselves as Ukrainians.
- ^ Pilip, Milan (2014). Medviď, Peter (ed.). Русиньска народна сiмболiка [Rusyn National Symbology] (PDF) (in Rusyn, Slovak, and English). Svidník, Slovakia: Tlačiareň svidnícka. p. 92. ISBN 978-80-89755-03-5. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g Лемки / І. Д. Любчик // Енциклопедія Сучасної України [Електронний ресурс / Редкол. : І. М. Дзюба, А. І. Жуковський, М. Г. Железняк [та ін.] ; НАН України, НТШ. – К. : Інститут енциклопедичних досліджень НАН України, 2016. ISBN 978-966-02-7999-5]
- ^ "Number of population by ethnicity in the Slovak Republic at 1. 1. 2021". Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
- ^ a b Przynależność narodowo-etniczna ludności – wyniki spisu ludności i mieszkań 2011. GUS. Materiał na konferencję prasową w dniu 29 January 2013. p. 3. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
- ^ a b 2001 Census
- ^ Mihalasky, S. Y. (1998). "Ethno-national Orientation Among Lemkos in Poland". National Identities and Ethnic Minorities in Eastern Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 208–224. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-26553-4_15. ISBN 978-1-349-26555-8.
- ^ Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). Encyclopedia of European Peoples. Infobase Publishing. p. 483. ISBN 978-1-4381-2918-1.
- ^ "Table 11. Resident population by nationality - 2001, 1991" (PDF). Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 15, 2007. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
- ^ Гриценко, П. Ю. (2016). "Лемківський говір". Енциклопедія Сучасної України (in Ukrainian).
- ^ European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
- ^ Dzjuba, Ivan Mychajlovyč, ed. (2016). Encyklopedija sučasnoï Ukraïny. Tom 17: Leh-Lošč / holovna redakcijna kolehija XVI tomu: Dzjuba, I.M. [und viele weitere]. Kyïv: Instytut Encyklopedyčnych Doslidženʹ Nacionalʹnoï akademiï Nauk Ukraïny. ISBN 978-966-02-7999-5.
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