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Medusozoa
| Medusozoa Temporal range: Ediacaran – present,
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|---|---|
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| Pacific sea nettles, Chrysaora fuscescens | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Subphylum: | Medusozoa |
| Classes[1] | |
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Medusozoa is a clade in the phylum Cnidaria, and is often considered a subphylum.[2][3] It includes the classes Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Staurozoa and Cubozoa, and possibly the parasitic Polypodiozoa. Medusozoans are distinguished by having a medusa stage in their often complex life cycle, a medusa typically being an umbrella-shaped body with stinging tentacles around the edge.[4] With the exception of some Hydrozoa (and Polypodiozoa), all are called jellyfish in their free-swimming medusa phase.[3][5]
- ^ Subphyla Medusozoa based on "The Taxonomicon – Taxon: Phylum Cnidaria". Universal Taxonomic Services. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
- ^ Marques, Antonio C.; Allen G. Collins (March 2004). "Cladistic analysis of Medusozoa and cnidarian evolution". Invertebrate Biology. 123 (1): 23–42. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2004.tb00139.x.
- ^ a b Zapata, Felipe; Goetz, Freya E.; Smith, Stephen A.; et al. (2015). "Phylogenomic Analyses Support Traditional Relationships within Cnidaria". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0139068. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1039068Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139068. PMC 4605497. PMID 26465609.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Ruppertwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Kayal, Ehsan; Bentlage, Bastian; Sabrina Pankey, M.; et al. (2018). "Phylogenomics provides a robust topology of the major cnidarian lineages and insights on the origins of key organismal traits". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 18 (1): 68. Bibcode:2018BMCEE..18...68K. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1142-0. PMC 5932825.
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