Pakis

Pakis (Pteridophyta) Temporal range: Mid Devonian[1]—Kini PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Athyrium filix-femina unrolling young frond
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Tumbuhan
Division:	Pteridophyta
Kelas[2]
†Cladoxylopsida Psilotopsida Equisetopsida (alias Sphenopsida) Marattiopsida Polypodiopsida (alias Pteridopsida, Filicopsida) †Zygopteridales †Stauropteridales †Rhacophytales

Pakis nopo nga iso susumuni mantad 12,000 kawo totonomon i poinsuang id tinimungan botani Pteridophyta. Susumuni diti nopo nga au miagal do rongilut tu haro o xilem om floem. Susumuni diti nogi nga haro o guas, roun, om gamut miagal do susumuni vaskular suai. Maganak o pakis maya spora om aiso o linsou toi bunga.

• Chin, W.Y. (1997) Ferns of the tropics (Revised edition). Singapore: Times Editions- Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 9-789812-611796

1. ↑ Wattieza, Stein, W. E., F. Mannolini, L. V. Hernick, E. Landling, and C. M. Berry. 2007. "Giant cladoxylopsid trees resolve the enigma of the Earth's earliest forest stumps at Gilboa", Nature (19 April 2007) 446:904–907.
2. ↑ Ralat maganu:Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Smith2006