Paramachaerodus

Paramachaerodus; Temporal range:
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Family:	Felidae
Subfamily:	†Machairodontinae
Tribe:	†Smilodontini
Genus:	†Paramachaerodus; Pilgrim, 1913
Type species
	Paramachaerodus orientalis; (Kittl, 1887) sensu Pilgrim, 1913
Other species
	Paramachaerodus maximiliani (Zdansky, 1924) sensu Pilgrim, 1931; Paramachaerodus transasiaticus; Paramachaerodus yingliangi;
Synonyms
	Paramachaerodus Paramachairodus; Pontosmilus Kretzoi, 1929; Protamphimachairodus Kretzoi, 1929; Propontosmilus Kadic and Kretzoi, 1930; synonyms of P. orientalis Machaerodus orientalis Kittl, 1887 ; Machairodus schlosseri Weithofer, 1888 ; Felis orientalis (Kittl, 1887) sensu Boule, 1901 ; Felis schlosseri (Weithofer, 1888) sensu Boule, 1901 ; Machairodus hungaricus Kormos, 1911 ; Pontosmilus indicus Kretzoi, 1929 ; Pseudaelurus sivalensis Lydekker, 1877 ; Aelurogale sivalensis (Lydekker, 1877) sensu Lydekker, 1884 ; Aelurictis sivalensis (Lydekker, 1877) sensu Pilgrim, 1910 ; Sivaelurus sivalensis (Lydekker, 1877) sensu Pilgrim, 1913 ; Paramachaerodus sivalensis (Lydekker, 1877) sensu Pilgrim, 1915 ; Machaerodus sivalensis (Lydekker, 1877) sensu Matthew, 1929 ; Propontosmilus sivalensis (Lydekker, 1877) sensu Kretzoi, 1929 ; Propontosmilus matthewi Kadic & Kretzoi, 1930 ; Paramachaerodus indicus (Kretzoi, 1929) sensu Pilgrim, 1932 ; Paramachaerodus schlosseri (Weithofer, 1888) sensu Kretzoi, 1938 ; Paramachaerodus hungaricus (Kormos, 1911) sensu Kretzoi, 1938 ; Propontosmilus matthewi (Kadic & Kretzoi, 1930) sensu Kretzoi, 1938 ; Pontosmilus orientalis (Kittl, 1887) sensu Kretzoi, 1938 ; Paramachaerodus matthewi (Kadic & Kretzoi, 1930) sensu Kretzoi, 1951 ; Megantereon orientalis (Kittl, 1887) sensu Kurten, 1976 ; Pontosmilus hungaricus ; Pontosmilus schlosseri ; synonyms of P. maximiliani Machaerodus maximiliani Zdansky, 1924 ; Protamphimachairodus maximiliani (Zdansky, 1924) sensu Kretzoi, 1929 ; Protamphimachairodus indicus Simpson, 1945 ;

Paramachaerodus is an extinct genus of saber-tooth cat of the subfamily Machairodontinae, which was endemic to Eurasia during the Middle and Late Miocene from 15 to 9 Ma.^[3] A 2022 phylogenetic analysis suggested that the genus may be polyphyletic.^[4]

Paramacherodus is one of the earliest known true saber-toothed cats. Many fossils were discovered in Cerro de los Batallones, a Late Miocene fossil site near Madrid, Spain. One leopard-sized species is known, Paramachaerodus orientalis from the Turolian. A second species, Paramacharodus maximiliani, has been considered a synonym of Paramachaerodus orientalis by some authors,^[5] but was considered a valid species in the most recent systematic revision.^[1] That revision, based on an extensive morphological analysis, also determined that the species P. ogygia exhibited less derived sabertooth features than the other Paramachaerodus species and should be assigned to a separate genus, Promegantereon.^[1]^[6]

^ ^a ^b ^c Salesa, Manuel J.; Antón, Mauricio; Turner, Alan; Alcalá, Luis; Montoya, Plinio; Morales, Jorge (2010). "Systematic revision of the Late Miocene sabre-toothed felid Paramachaerodus in Spain". Palaeontology. 53 (6): 1369–1391. Bibcode:2010Palgy..53.1369S. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01013.x. S2CID 83268098.
^ Colbert, Edwin H. (1935). "Siwalik Mammals in the American Museum of Natural History". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 26. doi:10.2307/1005467. JSTOR 1005467.
^ Paleobiology Database: Paramachairodus Basic info.
^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ SALESA, MANUEL J.; ANTON, MAURICIO; TURNER, ALAN; MORALES, JORGE (2005). "Aspects of the functional morphology in the cranial and cervical skeleton of the sabre-toothed cat Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Miocene of Spain: implications for the origins of the machairodont killing bite". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 144 (3): 363–377. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00174.x.
^ Antón, Mauricio (2013). Sabertooth. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. ISBN 9780253010421.

[Salesa-2010-1] Salesa, Manuel J.; Antón, Mauricio; Turner, Alan; Alcalá, Luis; Montoya, Plinio; Morales, Jorge (2010). "Systematic revision of the Late Miocene sabre-toothed felid Paramachaerodus in Spain". Palaeontology. 53 (6): 1369–1391. Bibcode:2010Palgy..53.1369S. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01013.x. S2CID 83268098.

[2] Colbert, Edwin H. (1935). "Siwalik Mammals in the American Museum of Natural History". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 26. doi:10.2307/1005467. JSTOR 1005467.

[3] Paleobiology Database: Paramachairodus Basic info.

[:1-4] Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[5] SALESA, MANUEL J.; ANTON, MAURICIO; TURNER, ALAN; MORALES, JORGE (2005). "Aspects of the functional morphology in the cranial and cervical skeleton of the sabre-toothed cat Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Miocene of Spain: implications for the origins of the machairodont killing bite". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 144 (3): 363–377. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00174.x.

[:0-6] Antón, Mauricio (2013). Sabertooth. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. ISBN 9780253010421.

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