Back بيرشيرون Arabic Першэрон BE Першерон Bulgarian Perxeró Catalan Peršeron Czech Percheron German Perĉerono EO Percherón Spanish Pertxeroi EU Perchenhevonen Finnish
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| Country of origin | France |
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| Traits | |
| Distinguishing features | Draft horse breed. Mostly gray or black. Clean-limbed, powerful and docile. |
| Breed standards | |
The Percheron is a breed of draft horse that originated in the Huisne river valley in western France, part of the former Perche province, from which the breed takes its name. Usually gray or black in color, Percherons are well-muscled, and known for their intelligence and willingness to work. Although their exact origins are unknown, the ancestors of the breed were present in the valley by the 17th century. They are believed to descend from war horses. Over time, they began to be used for pulling stagecoaches; and later, for agriculture and hauling heavy goods. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Arabian blood was added to the breed. Exports of Percherons from France rose exponentially in the late 19th century, and the first purely Percheron stud book was created in France in 1893.
Before World War I, thousands of Percherons were shipped from France to the United States, but after the war began, an embargo stopped shipping. The breed was used extensively in Europe during the war, with some horses being shipped from the United States back to France to help in the war effort. Beginning in 1918, Percherons began to be bred in the United Kingdom; in 1918, the British Percheron Horse Society (BPHS) was formed. After a series of name and studbook ownership changes, the current United States Percheron registry was created in 1934. In the 1930s, Percherons accounted for 70% of the draft horse population in the United States, but their numbers declined substantially after World War II. However, the population began to recover; and, as of 2009, around 2,500 Percheron horses were registered annually in the United States alone.
The breed is still used extensively for draft work; in France, they are also bred for horse meat. They have been crossed with several light horse breeds to produce both stock horses and sport horses. Purebred Percherons are used for forestry work and pulling carriages, as well as work under saddle, including competition in various English riding disciplines, including show jumping.