Poliovirus , uzročnik poliomijelitisa (također poznat kao poliomijelitis), je serotip vrste Enterovirus C , u porodici Picornaviridae .[ 1] Postoje tri serotipa poliovirusa: tipovi 1, 2 i 3.
Poliovirus sastoji se od RNK genoma i proteinske kapside . Genom je jednolančana RNK pozitivnog smisla (+ssRNK) dug oko 7500 nukleotida .[ 2] Virusna čestica je prečnika oko 30 nm , sa ikosaedarnom simetrijom . Zbog svog kratkog genoma i jednostavnog sastava – samo RNK i bez omotača ikosaedarskog proteinskog omotača koji ga inkapsulira , poliovirus se naširoko smatra najjednostavnijim značajnim virusom.[ 3]
Poliovirus su prvi izolovali Karl Landsteiner i Erwin Popper , 1909.[ 4] Struktura virusa je prvi put razjašnjena 1958., pomoću difrakcije rendgenskih zraka u timu na Birkbeck College pod vođstvom Rosalind Franklin ,[ 5] [ 6] pokazujući da virus dječje paralize ima ikosaedarsku simetriju.[ 7]
Godine 1981. dva različita tima istraživača objavila su genom poliovirusa: Vincent Racaniello i David Baltimore na Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)[ 8] i Naomi Kitamura i Eckard Wimmer na Stony Brook University .[ 9]
Trodimenzijsku strukturu poliovirusa odredio je 1985. godine James Hogle u Scripps Research Institute koristeći rendgensku kristalografiju .[ 10]
Poliovirus je jedan od najbolje okarakteriziranih virusa i postao je koristan model sistema za razumijevanje biologije RNK virusa .
^ Ryan KJ, Ray CG, ured. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th izd.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0 .
^ Hogle JM (2002). "Poliovirus cell entry: common structural themes in viral cell entry pathways" . Annual Review of Microbiology . 56 : 677–702. doi :10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160757 . PMC 1500891 . PMID 12142481 .
^ Goodsell DS (1998). The machinery of life . New York: Copernicus. ISBN 978-0-387-98273-1 . Šablon:Page?
^ Paul JR (1971). A History of Poliomyelitis . (Yale studies in the history of science and medicine). New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-01324-5 . Šablon:Page?
^ "Behind the picture: Rosalind Franklin and the polio model" . Medical Research Council. 14. 3. 2019. Arhivirano s originala , 30. 10. 2018. Pristupljeno 4. 9. 2019 .
^ Maddox B (2003). Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA . London: Harper Collins. str. 296. ISBN 0-00-655211-0 .
^ Brown A (2007). J.D. Bernal: The Sage of Science . New York: Oxford University Press. str. 359–61. ISBN 978-0-19-920565-3 .
^ Racaniello VR, Baltimore D (august 1981). "Molecular cloning of poliovirus cDNA and determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of the viral genome" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 78 (8): 4887–91. Bibcode :1981PNAS...78.4887R . doi :10.1073/pnas.78.8.4887 . PMC 320284 . PMID 6272282 .
^ Kitamura N, Semler BL, Rothberg PG, Larsen GR, Adler CJ, Dorner AJ, et al. (juni 1981). "Primary structure, gene organization and polypeptide expression of poliovirus RNA". Nature . 291 (5816): 547–53. Bibcode :1981Natur.291..547K . doi :10.1038/291547a0 . PMID 6264310 . S2CID 4352308 .
^ Hogle JM, Chow M, Filman DJ (27 Sep 1985). "Three-dimensional structure of poliovirus at 2.9 A resolution" . Science . 229 (4720): 1358–65. doi :10.1126/science.2994218 . PMID 2994218 .