Sphaeropsis

Sphaeropsis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Dothideomycetes
Order:	Botryosphaeriales
Family:	Botryosphaeriaceae; Theiss. & H.Syd. (1918)
Genus:	Sphaeropsis; Sacc. (1880)
Type species
	Sphaeropsis visci; (Alb. & Schwein.) Sacc.
Synonyms
	Botrysphaeris F.E.Clements & Shear, 1931 ; Gyratylium Preuss, 1855 ; Sphaeropsis Lév. ;

The Sphaeropsis are a genus of fungi, within the family of Botryosphaeriaceae and within the order of Botryosphaeriales, within the class Dothideomycetes.^[3] They are plant pathogens.

Most known species is Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton (1980) (or Diplodia sapinea (Fr.) Fuckel and Diplodia pinea (Desm.) J. Kickx f.),^[4] which is the causal agent of the Diplodia tip blight disease on pines and other conifer species.^[5] It is also found on forest and ornamental trees in the Western Balkans, Europe,^[6] and in the United States.^[7]

^ Sacc., Michelia 2: 105. 1880.
^ Cite error: The named reference GBIF was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Wijayawardene et al. 2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Roy, Julien; Kyritsi, Ioanna; Reinwarth, Nadja; Bachelier, Julien B.; Rillig, Matthias C.; Lücking, Robert (December 2022). "Host and abiotic constraints on the distribution of the pine fungal pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea (= Diplodia sapinea)". Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 5 (971916). Bibcode:2022FrFGC...5.1916R. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2022.971916.
^ Blumenstein, Kathrin; Bußkamp, Johanna; Langer, Gitta Jutta; Schlößer, Rebekka; Parra Rojas, Natalia Marion; Terhonen, Eeva (24 May 2021). "Sphaeropsis sapinea and Associated Endophytes in Scots Pine: Interactions and Effect on the Host Under Variable Water Content". Front. For. Glob. Change. 4 (Sec. Pests, Pathogens and Invasions). Bibcode:2021FrFGC...4.5769B. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2021.655769.
^ Zlatkovic, Milica; Keca, Nenad Djuro; Wingfield, Michael J.; Jami, Fahimeh; Slippers, Bernard (April 2016). "Botryosphaeriaceae associated with the die-back of ornamental trees in the Western Balkans". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 109 (4): 543–564. doi:10.1007/s10482-016-0659-8. hdl:2263/52504. PMID 26891906. S2CID 254232021.
^ Palmer, M.A.; Stewart, E.L.; Wingfield, M.J. (1987). "Variation among isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea in the north central United States". Phytopathology. 77 (6): 944–948. doi:10.1094/Phyto-77-944.

[Sacc-1] Sacc., Michelia 2: 105. 1880.

[GBIF-2] Cite error: The named reference GBIF was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Wijayawardene_et_al._2020-3] Cite error: The named reference Wijayawardene et al. 2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[4] Roy, Julien; Kyritsi, Ioanna; Reinwarth, Nadja; Bachelier, Julien B.; Rillig, Matthias C.; Lücking, Robert (December 2022). "Host and abiotic constraints on the distribution of the pine fungal pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea (= Diplodia sapinea)". Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 5 (971916). Bibcode:2022FrFGC...5.1916R. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2022.971916.

[5] Blumenstein, Kathrin; Bußkamp, Johanna; Langer, Gitta Jutta; Schlößer, Rebekka; Parra Rojas, Natalia Marion; Terhonen, Eeva (24 May 2021). "Sphaeropsis sapinea and Associated Endophytes in Scots Pine: Interactions and Effect on the Host Under Variable Water Content". Front. For. Glob. Change. 4 (Sec. Pests, Pathogens and Invasions). Bibcode:2021FrFGC...4.5769B. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2021.655769.

[6] Zlatkovic, Milica; Keca, Nenad Djuro; Wingfield, Michael J.; Jami, Fahimeh; Slippers, Bernard (April 2016). "Botryosphaeriaceae associated with the die-back of ornamental trees in the Western Balkans". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 109 (4): 543–564. doi:10.1007/s10482-016-0659-8. hdl:2263/52504. PMID 26891906. S2CID 254232021.

[7] Palmer, M.A.; Stewart, E.L.; Wingfield, M.J. (1987). "Variation among isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea in the north central United States". Phytopathology. 77 (6): 944–948. doi:10.1094/Phyto-77-944.

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