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Ubuntu

Ubuntu
Ubuntu 23.10 "Mantic Minotaur"
DeveloperCanonical Ltd.
OS familyLinux (Unix-like)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen-source[1][2]
Initial releaseUbuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog) / 20 October 2004 (2004-10-20)
Latest releaseLatest: Ubuntu 23.10.1 (Mantic Minotaur)[3] Edit this on Wikidata
LTS: 22.04.4 LTS[4] Edit this on Wikidata / 16 October 2023 (16 October 2023)
22 February 2024 (22 February 2024)
Repository
Marketing targetCloud computing, personal computers, servers, supercomputers, IoT
Available inMore than 55 languages by LoCos
Update methodSoftware Updater, Ubuntu Software, apt
Package managerGNOME Software, dpkg (APT), Snap – graphical front-end: Snap Store
Platforms
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux kernel)
UserlandGNU
Default
user interface
GNOME
LicenseFree software + some proprietary device drivers[7]
Official websiteubuntu.com Edit this at Wikidata

Ubuntu (/ʊˈbʊnt/ uu-BUUN-too)[8] is a Linux distribution based on Debian and composed mostly of free and open-source software.[9][10][11] Ubuntu is officially released in multiple editions: Desktop,[12] Server,[13] and Core[14] for Internet of things devices[15] and robots.[16][17] The operating system is developed by the British company Canonical,[18] and a community of other developers, under a meritocratic governance model.[8][19] As of October 2023, the most-recent release is 23.10 ("Mantic Minotaur"), and the current long-term support release is 22.04 ("Jammy Jellyfish").

As with other Linux distributions, all of the editions can run on a computer alone, or in a virtual machine. An upgrade to Ubuntu is released every six months, with long-term support (LTS) releases every two years.[8][20][21] Canonical provides security updates and support for each Ubuntu release, starting from the release date until the release reaches its designated end-of-life (EOL) date.[8][22][23] Canonical generates revenue through the sale of premium services related to Ubuntu and donations from those who download the Ubuntu software.[24][25][26]

Ubuntu is named after the Nguni philosophy of ubuntu, "humanity to others" with a connotation of "I am what I am because of who we all are".[8] Since the release of the first version in 2004, Ubuntu has become one of the most popular Linux distributions for general purposes[27][28] and is backed by large online communities like Ask Ubuntu. Numerous community-editions of Ubuntu also exist.[29] It is also popular for cloud computing, with support for OpenStack.[30]

Ubuntu - Version History - Visual Timeline - 20231019
  1. ^ "kernel.ubuntu.com". kernel.ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  2. ^ "Index of /ubuntu". archive.ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  3. ^ "Canonical releases Ubuntu 23.10 Mantic Minotaur". 12 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  4. ^ Łukasz 'sil2100' Zemczak (22 February 2024). "Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS released". Retrieved 22 February 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "Installation". Ubuntu Server Documentation. Canonical Ltd. 2020. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022. Ubuntu 20.04 Server Edition [...] supports four 64-bit architectures: amd64, arm64, ppc64el, s390x
  6. ^ "Supported platforms". Ubuntu Core Documentation. Canonical Ltd. 2020. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  7. ^ "Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems". Free Software Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  8. ^ a b c d e Canonical. "About the Ubuntu project". Ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  9. ^ Canonical. "Licensing". ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  10. ^ Canonical. "Our mission". ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  11. ^ Canonical. "Debian". ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  12. ^ Canonical. "Ubuntu PC operating system". Ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  13. ^ Canonical. "Ubuntu Server - for scale out workloads". Ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  14. ^ Canonical. "Ubuntu Core". Ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  15. ^ Canonical. "Ubuntu for the Internet of Things". Ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  16. ^ "Your first robot: A beginner's guide to ROS and Ubuntu Core [1/5]". blog.ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  17. ^ Trenholm, Richard. "Open source Ubuntu Core connects robots, drones and smart homes". CNET. Archived from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  18. ^ Canonical. "Canonical and Ubuntu". ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  19. ^ Canonical. "Governance". Ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  20. ^ "Releases - Ubuntu Wiki". wiki.ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  21. ^ "LTS - Ubuntu Wiki". wiki.ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  22. ^ "Releases - Ubuntu Wiki". wiki.ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  23. ^ Canonical. "Release end of life". ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  24. ^ Canonical. "Support and management". ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  25. ^ Canonical. "Plans and pricing". Ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  26. ^ Canonical. "Thank you for your contribution". Ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  27. ^ "Ubuntu Pulls Its Latest Desktop Release Over Hate Speech Concerns". PCMag Middle East. 15 October 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  28. ^ "Top Five Reasons Why Ubuntu Is the Most Used Linux OS".
  29. ^ Evangelho, Jason. "Linux For Beginners: Understanding The Many Versions Of Ubuntu". Forbes. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  30. ^ Canonical. "OpenStack on Ubuntu is your scalable private cloud, by Canonical". ubuntu.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.

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