Atenolol

Atenolol
Clinical data
Trade names	Tenormin, others
Other names	ICI-66082; ICI66082
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a684031
License data	US DailyMed: Atenolol;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C; ;
Routes of; administration	Oral, intravenous
Drug class	Selective β1 receptor antagonist
ATC code	C07AB03 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); US: WARNING; In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	50–60%
Protein binding	6–16%
Metabolism	Minimal (~5%)
Metabolites	• Hydroxyatenolol; • Atenolol glucuronide
Onset of action	IVTooltip Intravenous injection: <5 minutes; Oral: <1 hour
Elimination half-life	6–7 hours
Duration of action	>24 hours
Excretion	Oral: urine (40–50%), feces (50%); IVTooltip Intravenous injection: urine (85–100%), feces (10%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (RS)-2-{4-[2-Hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}acetamide;
CAS Number	29122-68-7 ;
PubChem CID	2249;
IUPHAR/BPS	548;
DrugBank	DB00335 ;
ChemSpider	2162 ;
UNII	50VV3VW0TI;
KEGG	D00235 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:2904 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL24 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2022628 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.044.941
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C14H22N2O3
Molar mass	266.341 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Chirality	Racemic mixture
	SMILES O=C(N)Cc1ccc(cc1)OCC(O)CNC(C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C14H22N2O3/c1-10(2)16-8-12(17)9-19-13-5-3-11(4-6-13)7-14(15)18/h3-6,10,12,16-17H,7-9H2,1-2H3,(H2,15,18) ; Key:METKIMKYRPQLGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Atenolol is a beta blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain.^[7] Although used to treat high blood pressure, it does not seem to improve mortality in those with the condition.^[8]^[9] Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heart beats.^[7]^[10] It is taken orally (by mouth) or by intravenous injection (injection into a vein).^[7]^[10] It can also be used with other blood pressure medications.^[10]

Common side effects include feeling tired, heart failure, dizziness, depression, and shortness of breath.^[7] Other serious side effects include bronchial spasm.^[7] Use is not recommended during pregnancy^[7] and alternative drugs are preferred when breastfeeding.^[11] It works by blocking β₁-adrenergic receptors in the heart, thus decreasing heart rate, force of heart beats, and blood pressure.^[7]

Atenolol was patented in 1969 and approved for medical use in 1975.^[12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.^[13] It is available as a generic medication.^[7] In 2022, it was the 63rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 10 million prescriptions.^[14]^[15]

^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^ Cite error: The named reference WadworthMurdochBrogden1991 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Cite error: The named reference HeelBrogdenSpeight1979 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "DailyMed - TENORMIN- atenolol tablet". DailyMed. 30 June 2021. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ Cite error: The named reference BroddeKroemer2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference KirchGörg1982 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Atenolol Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
^ Tomiyama H, Yamashina A (2014). "Beta-Blockers in the Management of Hypertension and/or Chronic Kidney Disease". International Journal of Hypertension. 2014: 919256. doi:10.1155/2014/919256. PMC 3941231. PMID 24672712.
^ DiNicolantonio JJ, Fares H, Niazi AK, Chatterjee S, D'Ascenzo F, Cerrato E, et al. (2015). "β-Blockers in hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and acute myocardial infarction: a review of the literature". Open Heart. 2 (1): e000230. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2014-000230. PMC 4371808. PMID 25821584.
^ ^a ^b ^c British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 151–153. ISBN 9780857113382.
^ "Atenolol use while Breastfeeding". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 461. ISBN 9783527607495.
^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
^ "Atenolol Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[FDA-AllBoxedWarnings-1] "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.

[WadworthMurdochBrogden1991-2] Cite error: The named reference WadworthMurdochBrogden1991 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[HeelBrogdenSpeight1979-3] Cite error: The named reference HeelBrogdenSpeight1979 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[TenorminLabel-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "DailyMed - TENORMIN- atenolol tablet". DailyMed. 30 June 2021. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2023.

[BroddeKroemer2003-5] Cite error: The named reference BroddeKroemer2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[KirchGörg1982-6] Cite error: The named reference KirchGörg1982 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[AHFS2018-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Atenolol Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2018.

[8] Tomiyama H, Yamashina A (2014). "Beta-Blockers in the Management of Hypertension and/or Chronic Kidney Disease". International Journal of Hypertension. 2014: 919256. doi:10.1155/2014/919256. PMC 3941231. PMID 24672712.

[9] DiNicolantonio JJ, Fares H, Niazi AK, Chatterjee S, D'Ascenzo F, Cerrato E, et al. (2015). "β-Blockers in hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and acute myocardial infarction: a review of the literature". Open Heart. 2 (1): e000230. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2014-000230. PMC 4371808. PMID 25821584.

[BNF76-10] British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 151–153. ISBN 9780857113382.

[11] "Atenolol use while Breastfeeding". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.

[Fis2006-12] Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 461. ISBN 9783527607495.

[WHO22nd-13] World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.

[14] "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[15] "Atenolol Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

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Atenolol

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