Portal:Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina	The coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina, Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest. In the south it has a 20-kilometre-long (12-mile) coast on the Adriatic Sea, with the town of Neum being its only access to the sea. Bosnia has a moderate continental climate with hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In the central and eastern regions, the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and in the northeast it is predominantly flat. Herzegovina, the smaller, southern region, has a Mediterranean climate and is mostly mountainous. Sarajevo is the capital and the largest city.

The area has been inhabited since at least the Upper Paleolithic, but evidence suggests that during the Neolithic age, permanent human settlements were established, including those that belonged to the Butmir, Kakanj, and Vučedol cultures. After the arrival of the first Indo-Europeans, the area was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations. The ancestors of the South Slavic peoples that populate the area today arrived during the 6th through the 9th century. In the 12th century, the Banate of Bosnia was established; by the 14th century, this had evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia. In the mid-15th century, it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire, under whose rule it remained until the late 19th century; the Ottomans brought Islam to the region. From the late 19th century until World War I, the country was annexed into the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. In the interwar period, Bosnia and Herzegovina was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After World War II, it was granted full republic status in the newly formed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In 1992, following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republic proclaimed independence. This was followed by the Bosnian War, which lasted until late 1995 and ended with the signing of the Dayton Agreement.

The country is home to three main ethnic groups: Bosniaks are the largest group, Serbs the second-largest, and Croats the third-largest. Minorities include Jews, Roma, Albanians, Montenegrins, Ukrainians and Turks. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature and a three-member presidency made up of one member from each of the three major ethnic groups. However, the central government's power is highly limited, as the country is largely decentralized. It comprises two autonomous entities—the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska—and a third unit, the Brčko District, which is condominium of both entities, but governed by its own local government.

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a developing country and ranks 74th in the 2018 Human Development Index. Its economy is dominated by industry and agriculture, followed by tourism and the service sector. Tourism has increased significantly in recent years. The country has a social-security and universal-healthcare system, and primary and secondary level education is free. It is a member of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, the Partnership for Peace, and the Central European Free Trade Agreement; it is also a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean, established in July 2008. Bosnia and Herzegovina is an EU candidate country and has also been a candidate for NATO membership since April 2010. (Full article...)

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Operation Southern Move (Croatian: Operacija Južni potez) was the final Croatian Army (HV) and Croatian Defence Council (HVO) offensive of the Bosnian War. It took place in western Bosnia and Herzegovina on 8–11 October 1995. Its goal was to help the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) whose positions around the town of Ključ, captured by them during Operation Sana, were endangered by a counteroffensive by the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS). The objectives of Operation Southern Move included the capture of the town of Mrkonjić Grad and positions on the Manjača Mountain which would allow the HV and the HVO to directly threaten Banja Luka, the largest city controlled by Bosnian Serbs. Finally, the offensive was also aimed at capturing the Bočac Hydroelectric Power Station, the last significant source of electricity under VRS control in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. The combined HV and HVO forces were under the overall command of HV Major General Ante Gotovina.

The offensive achieved its objectives, and significantly contributed, along with Operations Sana and Maestral 2, to forcing the Bosnian Serb leadership to serious peace negotiations. The offensive also contributed to the displacement of 10,000 Bosnian Serb refugees and resulted in the deaths of at least 181 Serbs while hundreds more went missing following the operation. A country-wide ceasefire came into effect on 12 October, one day after the offensive ended, and was soon followed by negotiations which produced the Dayton Agreement, ending the Bosnian War. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Bosnia and Herzegovina-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Alija Izetbegović during his visit to the United States in 1997. (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 2Vedran Smailović, the cellist of Sarajevo. (from Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 3Tuzla government building burning after anti-government clashes on 7 February 2014 (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 4A lamb roast and "kolo" (circle) dancing - Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1895 (from Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 5Coat of arms of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 6Territorial evolution of the Bosnian Kingdom (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 7Ban Kulin stone engraving with Bosnian Cyrillic (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 8Estimated development of real GDP per capita of Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 1952 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 9Coat of arms of the Banate of Bosnia (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 10Sarajevo International Airport (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 11Illustration from the French magazine Le Petit Journal on the Bosnian Crisis: Bulgaria declares its independence and its prince Ferdinand is named Tsar, Austria-Hungary, in the person of Franz Joseph, annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina, while the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II looks on helplessly (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 12Ottoman Bosnia - flag from 1878 (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 13Bosnia and Herzegovina's flag while part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 14Depiction of Queen Catherine of Bosnia, the last queen of the House of Kosača. (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 15"Keep/Protect Yugoslavia" (Čuvajte Jugoslaviju), a variant of the alleged last words of King Alexander, in an illustration of Yugoslav peoples dancing the kolo. (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 16Bosnian ćevapi with onions in a somun. (from Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 17The Banate in 1373, shortly before its elevation to kingdom (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 18Kingdom of Bosnia 1377-1463 (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 19Bosnian meat platter that contains, among other things, ćevapi, which is considered the national dish of Bosnia and Herzegovina (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 20Počitelj Citadel in Čapljina, built by King Tvrtko I of Bosnia in 1383. (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 21The University of Sarajevo's Faculty of Law (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 22Bosnian and Herzegovinian Partisans flag (1941-1945) (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 23Bosniaks dancing a traditional kolo (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 24Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team, 2016 (from Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 25Bosnia within the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), 1942 (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 26Administrative division of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina. (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 27The Asim Ferhatović Hase Stadium in Sarajevo hosted the opening ceremony of the 1984 Winter Olympics (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 28BHRT headquarters in Sarajevo (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 29Serbs from Bosanska Krajina in traditional clothing (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 30"Keep/Protect Yugoslavia" (Čuvajte Jugoslaviju), a variant of the alleged last words of King Alexander I, in an illustration of Yugoslav peoples dancing the kolo (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 31Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina during Habsburg times. (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 32People of Sarajevo in 1883 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 33The Herzegovina Uprising of 1875–77 (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 34Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 35Željko Komšić, Croat member of the Bosnian Presidency, and Hillary Clinton, U.S. Secretary of State, 13 December 2011 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 36Iron Age cult carriage from Banjani, near Sokolac (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 37Tuzla government building burning after anti-government clashes on 7 February 2014 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 38Stećci from Radimlja, near Stolac (13th century) (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 39The Bosnia Eyalet in 1683 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 40The Emperor's Mosque is the first mosque to be built (1457) after the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia. (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 41The Avaz Twist Tower in Sarajevo, the tallest building in Bosnia and Herzegovina (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 42The railway bridge over the Neretva River in Jablanica, twice destroyed during the 1943 Case White offensive (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 432nd c. Roman glass from Bosanski Novi (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 44Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013, Green for Bosniaks, Orange for Croats and Blue for Serbs (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 45Bosnia in the Middle Ages spanning the Banate of Bosnia and the succeeding Kingdom of Bosnia (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 46Austro-Hungarian troops enter Sarajevo, 1878 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 47The Mostar Bridge was commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent in 1557 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 48Hval's Codex, illustrated Slavic manuscript from medieval Bosnia (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 49The Jahorina Ski Resort, a 1984 Winter Olympics venue, is the biggest and most popular ski resort in Bosnia and Herzegovina (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 50Coat of Arms of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 51UN troops in front of the Executive Council Building, burned after being struck by tank fire during the siege of Sarajevo, 1995 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 52The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, 28 June 1914 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 53Dissolution of Yugoslavia (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 54Gimnazija Mostar in Mostar (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 55Eternal flame memorial to military and civilian World War II victims in Sarajevo (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 56Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), Republika Srpska (RS) and Brčko District (BD) (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 57Mogorjelo, an ancient Roman suburban Villa Rustica from the 4th century, near Čapljina (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 58Edin Džeko playing for Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2015 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 59The Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 60Ivo Andrić with his wife Milica, upon learning he had won the Nobel Prize in Literature (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 61National and University Library in Sarajevo (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)

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More did you know

... that despite being a Serb, Tatjana Ljujić-Mijatović stayed in Serb-besieged Sarajevo and became the only woman member of the wartime Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina?

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Maria of Serbia, fresco from
Serbian Orthodox Church of St. Achillius, Serbia

Maria of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Мара Бранковић, romanized: Mara Branković; c. 1447 – c. 1500), christened Helena (Serbian Cyrillic: Јелена, romanized: Jelena), was the last queen of Bosnia and despoina of Serbia. As the eldest daughter of the deceased despot of Serbia, Lazar Branković, the 12-year-old Helena was given in marriage to the Bosnian prince Stephen Tomašević in 1459. She then took the name Maria, while her husband obtained the title to Serbia through her. The country was lost to the Ottomans within a few months, and the couple fled to Bosnia. Maria's husband ascended the Bosnian throne in 1461, but two years later the kingdom too fell to the Ottomans and he was executed. The widowed queen avoided capture by fleeing to the coast. Having spent a few years in Venetian Dalmatia and possibly Hungary, Maria settled in Ottoman Greece at the court of her aunts Mara and Kantakouzene, where she spent her life in a string of conflicts and legal disputes with Kantakouzene, the Republic of Ragusa, and the Athonite monasteries. (Full article...)

List of selected biographies
Edin Osmanović Alija Izetbegović Ivo Andrić Tvrtko I of Bosnia Dobroslav Jevđević Gavrilo Princip Catherine of Bosnia Tvrtko I of Bosnia Petar Baćović Thomas of Bosnia Petar Kočić Jezdimir Dangić Marija Bursać Ismet Popovac Mladen Stojanović Michael of Zahumlje Mladen Lorković Elizabeth of Bosnia

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that Ivan Ančić was the first Bosnian Franciscan to use the Latin script to write in his native language?

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This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by JL-Bot (talk · contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is tagged (e.g. {{WikiProject Bosnia and Herzegovina}}) or categorized correctly and wait for the next update. See WP:RECOG for configuration options.