Oregon has been home to many indigenous nations for thousands of years. The first European traders, explorers, and settlers began exploring what is now Oregon's Pacific coast in the early to mid-16th century. As early as 1564, the Spanish began sending vessels northeast from the Philippines, riding the Kuroshio Current in a sweeping circular route across the northern part of the Pacific. In 1592, Juan de Fuca undertook detailed mapping and studies of ocean currents in the Pacific Northwest, including the Oregon coast as well as the strait now bearing his name. The Lewis and Clark Expedition traversed Oregon in the early 1800s, and the first permanent European settlements in Oregon were established by fur trappers and traders. In 1843, an autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country, and the Oregon Territory was created in 1848. Oregon became the 33rd state of the U.S. on February 14, 1859.
Today, with 4.2 million people over 98,000 square miles (250,000 km2), Oregon is the ninth largest and 27th most populous U.S. state. The capital, Salem, is the third-most populous city in Oregon, with 175,535 residents. Portland, with 652,503, ranks as the 26th among U.S. cities. The Portland metropolitan area, which includes neighboring counties in Washington, is the 25th largest metro area in the nation, with a population of 2,512,859. Oregon is also one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S., marked by volcanoes, abundant bodies of water, dense evergreen and mixed forests, as well as high deserts and semi-arid shrublands. At 11,249 feet (3,429 m), Mount Hood is the state's highest point. Oregon's only national park, Crater Lake National Park, comprises the caldera surrounding Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the U.S. The state is also home to the single largest organism in the world, Armillaria ostoyae, a fungus that runs beneath 2,200 acres (8.9 km2) of the Malheur National Forest. (Full article...)
The Trout Creek Mountains are a semi-arid, remote, Great Basinmountain range mostly in southeastern Oregon and partially in northern Nevada in the United States. Its highest point is Orevada View Benchmark in Nevada, which is 8,506 feet (2,593 m) above sea level. Disaster Peak, 7,781 feet (2,372 m) above sea level, is another prominent summit in the Nevada portion of the range. The Trout Creek Mountains are characteristic of the Great Basin's topography of mostly parallel mountain ranges alternating with flat valleys. These mountains consist primarily of fault blocks of basalt, which came from ancient shield volcanoes, on top of older metamorphic rocks. The southern end of the range, however, features many graniticoutcrops. Overall, the mountainous, faulted terrain has escarpments and canyons along with rolling hills and ridges. Most of the range is public land administered by the Bureau of Land Management. There is very little human development in the remote region, and the mountains are available for recreation but see few visitors. Wildlife include various bushes, grasses, birds and mammals. Despite the area's dry climate, a few year-round streams provide habitat for the rare Lahontan cutthroat trout. However, grazing allotments and their effects on riparian zones led to environmental concerns in the 1980s. The Trout Creek Mountain Working Group was formed in 1988 to help resolve conflict between livestock owners and environmentalists.
Homer Calvin Davenport (March 8, 1867 – May 2, 1912) was a political cartoonist from the United States. He is known for drawings satirizing figures of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, most notably Ohio Senator Mark Hanna. Although he had no formal art training, he became one of the highest paid political cartoonists in the world. Davenport also was one of the first major American breeders of Arabian horses and one of the founders of the Arabian Horse Club of America. A native Oregonian, Davenport developed interests in both art and horses as a young boy. Once grown, he first wandered from job to job, then worked for several West Coast newspapers, including the San Francisco Examiner, owned by William Randolph Hearst. In 1893 he married his Daisy, with whom he had three children. When Hearst obtained the New York Morning Journal in 1895, money was no object in his attempt to establish the Journal as a leading New York newspaper, and Hearst moved Davenport east in 1885 to be part of one of the greatest newspaper staffs ever assembled. Working with columnist Alfred Henry Lewis, Davenport created many cartoons in opposition to the 1896 Republican presidential candidate, former Ohio governor William McKinley, and Hanna, his campaign manager. McKinley was elected and Hanna elevated to the Senate; Davenport continued to draw his sharp cartoons during the 1900 presidential race, though McKinley was again successful. In 1904, Davenport was hired away from Hearst by the New York Evening Mail, a Republican paper, and there drew a favorable cartoon of President Theodore Roosevelt that boosted Roosevelt's election campaign that year. Davenport's later years were marked by fewer influential cartoons and a troubled personal life; he dedicated much of his time to his animal breeding pursuits, traveled widely, and gave lectures. He was a lifelong lover of animals and of country living; he not only raised horses, but also fancy poultry and other animals. He was a founding member of the Arabian Horse Club of America. He died in 1912, of pneumonia contracted after going to the docks of New York City to watch and chronicle the arrival of survivors of the Titanic.
February 5, 1846, the first edition of the Oregon Spectator is published, becoming the first American newspaper to be published west of the Rocky Mountains.
February 8, 1851, the city of Portland is incorporated.
February 14, 1859, Oregon becomes the 33rd state of the Union.
... that future state senator William T. Vinton was sent to jail for contempt of court when he refused to sign a city paving contract, but was later vindicated by an Oregon Supreme Court decision?
... that while George C. Brownell played no part in the Oregon land fraud scandal, a published cartoon showed him as the "Pretty Moth" that flew too close to the land fraud limelight?
... that James A. Merriman was the only Black graduate from Rush Medical College in 1902 and the first African-American physician to practice medicine in Portland?
It must be remembered that our State is but in its infancy. That its population is small, and its material wealth is very limited. That notwithstanding it embraces within its boundaries a large area of territory, which includes extensive districts of productive lands, valuable mines of coal, iron, and precious metals, vast quantities of timber, broad rivers, innumerable bays, harbors, and inlets, abounding in fish of the choicest kind sufficient to supply the markets of the world, yet its resources are comparatively undeveloped. And that while it possesses all the elements of grandeur and magnificence, its greatness can not be successfully achieved without the benefit of a well regulated government, whose foundation is laid upon the broad principles of honesty, economy, and justice.
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