Neoliberalisme

Neoliberalisme eller nyliberalisme er en politisk ideologi, der i modsætning til socialliberalismen og i forlængelse af den klassiske liberalisme er imod enhver form for statslige indgreb i samfundslivet og markedsøkonomien.^[1] Begrebet er dog, især historisk, også blevet brugt i andre betydninger, sådan at det hører til i gruppen af politiske begreber, hvis indhold der ikke er en entydig opfattelse af i alle situationer – på samme måde som eksempelvis begrebet demokrati.^[2] Især blev udtrykket fra slutningen af 1930'erne og nogle årtier frem brugt som nærmest synonymt med socialliberalisme eller ordoliberalisme.

Siden 1970'erne er det blevet brugt i sin nuværende betydning. Udtrykket bruges ofte nedsættende af kritikere af neoliberalismen,^[3][4] men er også udbredt som en neutral betegnelse i videnskabelige politologiske sammenhænge.^[5][6] Moderne tilhængere af neoliberale ideer anvender derimod sjældent selv begrebet.^[7]

1. ^ Opslagsordet neoliberalisme i Den Danske Ordbog, ordnet.dk besøgt 23. november 2018.
2. ^ Taylor C. Boas, Jordan Gans-Morse (juni 2009). "Neoliberalism: From New Liberal Philosophy to Anti-Liberal Slogan". Studies in Comparative International Development. 44 (2): 137-61. doi:10.1007/s12116-009-9040-5. Neoliberalism shares many attributes with “essentially contested” concepts such as democracy, whose multidimensional nature, strong normative connotations, and openness to modification over time tend to generate substantial debate over their meaning and proper application.
3. ^ Noel Castree (2013). A Dictionary of Human Geography. Oxford University Press. s. 339. ISBN 9780199599868. 'Neoliberalism' is very much a critics' term: it is virtually never used by those whom the critics describe as neoliberals.
4. ^ Daniel Stedman Jones (21. juli 2014). Masters of the Universe: Hayek, Friedman, and the Birth of Neoliberal Politics. Princeton University Press. s. 13. ISBN 978-1-4008-5183-6. Friedman and Hayek are identified as the original thinkers and Thatcher and Reagan as the archetypal politicians of Western neoliberalism. Neoliberalism here has a pejorative connotation.
5. ^ Taylor C. Boas, Jordan Gans-Morse (juni 2009). "Neoliberalism: From New Liberal Philosophy to Anti-Liberal Slogan". Studies in Comparative International Development. 44 (2): 137-61. doi:10.1007/s12116-009-9040-5. Neoliberalism has rapidly become an academic catchphrase. From only a handful of mentions in the 1980s, use of the term has exploded during the past two decades, appearing in nearly 1,000 academic articles annually between 2002 and 2005. Neoliberalism is now a predominant concept in scholarly writing on development and political economy, far outpacing related terms such as monetarism, neoconservatism, the Washington Consensus, and even market reform.
6. ^ Springer, Simon; Birch, Kean; MacLeavy, Julie, red. (2016). The Handbook of Neoliberalism. Routledge. s. 1. ISBN 978-1138844001. Neoliberalism is easily one of the most powerful concepts to emerge within the social sciences in the last two decades, and the number of scholars who write about this dynamic and unfolding process of socio-spatial transformation is astonishing.
7. ^ Rowden, Rick (6. juli 2016). "The IMF Confronts Its N-Word". Foreign Policy. Hentet 2018-11-23.