30 September Movement

30 September Movement
Part of the Cold War in Asia, Konfrontasi and Transition to the New Order
Pancasila Sakti Monument Victims found in Lubang Buaya. From left to right: General Ahmad Yani, Brigadier General D. I. Pandjaitan, Major General R. Suprapto. Brigadier General Sutoyo Siswomiharjo, Major General M. T. Haryono, Major General S. Parman, First Lieutenant Pierre Tendean.
Date 1 October 1965; 59 years ago (1965-10-01) Location Indonesia, Java and Jakarta Result Coup attempt failed Outbreak of anti-communist purge in Indonesia Suharto begins to rise to power PKI and "Communism/Marxism-Leninism" simultaneously banned in a 1966 MPRS session
Belligerents
30 September Movement Tjakrabirawa Various Leftist Militias in Lubang Buaya PKI Indonesian Air Force (Denied, but suspected by the army) Supported by:  China[1]	Government of Indonesia Indonesian Army (Loyalist factions) Indonesian Army (Suharto factions)[2][3] Supported by:  United Kingdom[4][5]  United States[6][7][8]
Commanders and leaders
Untung Syamsuri [9] Mustafa Soepardjo [10] D.N. Aidit  Utomo Ramelan	Sukarno Suharto A.H. Nasution (WIA) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo Umar Wirahadikusumah
Casualties and losses
Six Indonesian Army commanders killed during the coup, along with other military and civilian casualties.

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This article is part of a series about Sukarno
1st President of Indonesia Pre-independence PNI Partindo PETA BPUPK Pancasila PPKI Indonesian National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom Monas G30S Supersemar Fall De-Sukarnoization Foreign policy Non-aligned movement Bandung Conference 1962 Asian Games CONEFO GANEFO building West Irian Trikora Pepera Konfrontasi Sunda Straits Crisis Speeches Indonesia Menggugat Tahun Vivere Pericoloso Family Spouses Fatmawati Dewi Children Rukmini Megawati Rachmawati Sukmawati Guruh Grandchildren Puan Media and legacy Grave Soekarno Seclusion house Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Gelora Bung Karno Stadium KRI Bung Karno Gallery: Picture, Sound, Video
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This article is part of a series about Suharto
2nd President of Indonesia Pre-presidency Early life and career Military service Japanese occupation National Revolution Operation Product Madiun Affair Operation Kraai General Offensive Makassar Uprising Post-Independence Rise to power 30 September Movement Commander of Kopkamtib Mass killings Supersemar Political manoeuvring Acting presidency New Order Inauguration Cabinets First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Golkar Dwifungsi Aspri Angkatan 66 Berkeley Mafia Elections 1971 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 Domestic policy Chinese discrimination Malari incident Petition of Fifty Tanjung Priok massacre Petrus killings Foreign policy Act of Free Choice East Timor Invasion Occupation Genocide Santa Cruz massacre ASEAN Downfall Background 27 July 1996 incident Asian financial crisis Trisakti shootings May 1998 riots Resignation Post-presidency Corruption charges Illness and death Family Siti Hartinah (spouse and first lady) Children Tutut Titiek Tommy Gallery: Picture, Sound, Video
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The Thirtieth of September Movement (Indonesian: Gerakan 30 September, also known as G30S, and by the syllabic abbreviation Gestapu for Gerakan September Tiga Puluh, Thirtieth of September Movement, also unofficially called Gestok, for Gerakan Satu Oktober, or First of October Movement) was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian National Armed Forces members. In the early hours of 1 October 1965, they assassinated six Indonesian Army generals in an abortive coup d'état.^[11] Later that morning, the organization declared that it was in control of media and communication outlets and had taken President Sukarno under its protection. By the end of the day, the coup attempt had failed in Jakarta. Meanwhile, in central Java there was an attempt to take control over an army division and several cities. By the time this rebellion was put down, two more senior officers were dead.

In the days and weeks that followed, the army, socio-political, and religious groups blamed the coup attempt on the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). Soon a mass purge was underway, which resulted in the imprisonment and deaths of many actual or suspected Communist Party members and sympathizers. Under the New Order and to this day, the movement is usually referred to as the Thirtieth of September Movement/PKI (Indonesian: Gerakan 30 September/PKI or "G30S/PKI") by those wanting to associate it with the PKI, and this term is also sometimes used by the current government.^[12]

Investigations and questioning of Suharto's version of the events were long obstructed in Indonesia. While the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) initially believed that Sukarno orchestrated all of it,^[13] several outside sources found inconsistencies and holes in the army claims, notably Benedict Anderson and Ruth McVey who wrote the Cornell Paper that challenged it.^[14][15]