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Abdullah I of Jordan
| Abdullah I bin Al-Hussein عبد الله الأول بن الحسين | |
|---|---|
 Abdullah I in 1942 | |
| King of Jordan | |
| Reign | 25 May 1946 – 20 July 1951 |
| Predecessor | Himself as Emir of Transjordan |
| Successor | Talal bin Abdullah |
| Emir of Transjordan | |
| Reign | 11 April 1921 – 25 May 1946[1][2] |
| Predecessor | Office established |
| Successor | Himself as King of Jordan |
| Born | 2 February 1882 Mecca, Hejaz Vilayet, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 20 July 1951 (aged 69)[3][4] East Jerusalem, West Bank, Jordan |
| Burial | Raghadan Palace, Amman, Jordan |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | |
| House | Hashemite |
| Father | Husayn bin Ali |
| Mother | Abdiyya bint Abdullah |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | |
| Service | |
| Years of service | 1916–1951 |
| Battles / wars |
|
Abdullah I bin Al-Hussein (Arabic: عبد الله الأول بن الحسين, romanized: ʿAbd Allāh al-Awwal bin al-Ḥusayn, 2 February 1882 – 20 July 1951) was the ruler of Jordan from 11 April 1921 until his assassination in 1951. He was the Emir of Transjordan, a British protectorate, until 25 May 1946,[1][2] after which he was king of an independent Jordan. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, Abdullah was a 38th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad.[5]
Born in Mecca, Hejaz, Ottoman Empire, Abdullah was the second of four sons of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, and his first wife, Abdiyya bint Abdullah. He was educated in Istanbul and Hejaz. From 1909 to 1914, Abdullah sat in the Ottoman legislature, as deputy for Mecca, but allied with Britain during the First World War. During the war, he played a key role in secret negotiations with the United Kingdom that led to the Great Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule that was led by his father Sharif Hussein.[6] Abdullah personally led guerrilla raids on garrisons.[7]
Abdullah became emir of Transjordan in April 1921. He upheld his alliance with the British during World War II, and became king after Transjordan gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1946.[6] In 1949, Jordan annexed the West Bank,[6] which angered Arab countries including Syria, Saudi Arabia and Egypt.[6] He was assassinated in Jerusalem while attending Friday prayers at the entrance of the Al-Aqsa Mosque by a Palestinian in 1951.[8] Abdullah was succeeded by his eldest son Talal.
- ^ a b Salibi (1998), p. 93
- ^ a b Hashemite Monarchs of Jordan, "The Emirate of Transjordan was founded on 11 April 1921, and became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan upon formal independence from Britain in 1946". alhussein.jo.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica (2010), p. 22
- ^ Some sources state that his birth date was on 22 September.
- ^ Corboz, Elvire (2015). Guardians of Shi'ism: Sacred Authority and Transnational Family Networks. Edinburgh University Press. p. 271. ISBN 978-0-7486-9144-9.
- ^ a b c d Encyclopaedia Britannica (online). Abdullah I:...
- ^ Shlaim (2007), p. 3
- ^ Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ISBN 0-550-18022-2, page 3
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