Alpide belt

Alpide belt
Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt
Approximate extent of the Alpide orogenic system
Highest point
Peak	Mount Everest
Elevation	8,848.86 m (29,031.7 ft)
Dimensions
Length	15,000 km (9,300 mi) E–W in the west, N–S in the east
Naming
Etymology	Derived from Alps
Geography
Mesozoic oceanic platform	Southern Eurasia, northern Africa, central Asian subcontinent, southeast Asia
Geology
Formed by	compressive forces at aligned convergent plate boundaries
Orogenies	Alpine (in west), Himalayan (in east)
Mountain type	Folded mountain ranges

The Alpide belt or Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt,^[1] or more recently and rarely the Tethyan orogenic belt, is a seismic and orogenic belt that includes an array of mountain ranges extending for more than 15,000 kilometres (9,300 mi) along the southern margin of Eurasia, stretching from Java and Sumatra, through the Indochinese Peninsula, the Himalayas and Transhimalayas, the mountains of Iran, Caucasus, Anatolia, the Mediterranean, and out into the Atlantic.^[2]

It includes, from west to east, the major ranges of the Atlas Mountains, the Alps, the Caucasus Mountains, Alborz, Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and the Himalayas. It is the second most seismically active region in the world, after the circum-Pacific belt (the Ring of Fire), with 17% of the world's largest earthquakes.^[2]

The belt is the result of Mesozoic-to-Cenozoic-to-recent closure of the Tethys Ocean and process of collision between the northward-moving African, Arabian, and Indian plates with the Eurasian plate.^[1] Each collision results in a convergent boundary, a topic covered in plate tectonics. The approximate alignment of so many convergent boundaries trending east to west, first noticed by the Austrian geologist Eduard Suess, suggests that once many plates were one plate, and the collision formed one subduction zone, which was oceanic, subducting the floor of Tethys.^{[citation needed]}

Suess called the single continent Gondwana, after some rock formations in India, then part of the supercontinent of Gondwana, which had earlier divided from another supercontinent, Laurasia, and was now pushing its way back. Eurasia descends from Laurasia, the Laurentia part having split away to the west as a consequence of the formation of the North Atlantic Ocean. As Tethys closed, Gondwana pushed up mountain ranges on the southern margin of Eurasia.