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Apollo 11
 Buzz Aldrin on the Moon in a photograph taken by Neil Armstrong, who can be seen in the visor reflection along with Earth,[1] the Lunar Module Eagle, and the U.S. flag | |
| Mission type | Crewed lunar landing (G) |
|---|---|
| Operator | NASA |
| COSPAR ID | |
| SATCAT no. | |
| Mission duration | 8 days, 3 hours, 18 minutes, 35 seconds |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft |
|
| Manufacturer |
|
| Launch mass | 109,646 pounds (49,735 kg)[5] |
| Landing mass | 10,873 pounds (4,932 kg) |
| Crew | |
| Crew size | 3 |
| Members | |
| Callsign |
|
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | July 16, 1969, 13:32:00 UTC (9:32 am EDT)[6] |
| Rocket | Saturn V SA-506 |
| Launch site | Kennedy, LC‑39A |
| End of mission | |
| Recovered by | USS Hornet |
| Landing date | July 24, 1969, 16:50:35 UTC |
| Landing site |
|
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Selenocentric |
| Periselene altitude | 100.9 kilometers (54.5 nmi)[7] |
| Aposelene altitude | 122.4 kilometers (66.1 nmi)[7] |
| Inclination | 1.25 degrees[7] |
| Period | 2 hours[7] |
| Epoch | July 19, 1969, 21:44 UTC[7] |
| Lunar orbiter | |
| Spacecraft component | Command and service module |
| Orbital insertion | July 19, 1969, 17:21:50 UTC[8] |
| Orbital departure | July 22, 1969, 04:55:42 UTC[9] |
| Orbits | 30 |
| Lunar lander | |
| Spacecraft component | Apollo Lunar Module |
| Landing date | July 20, 1969, 20:17:40 UTC[10] |
| Return launch | July 21, 1969, 17:54:00 UTC[11] |
| Landing site | |
| Sample mass | 21.55 kilograms (47.51 lb) |
| Surface EVAs | 1 |
| EVA duration | 2 hours, 31 minutes, 40 seconds |
| Docking with LM | |
| Docking date | July 16, 1969, 16:56:03 UTC[8] |
| Undocking date | July 20, 1969, 17:44:00 UTC[13] |
| Docking with LM ascent stage | |
| Docking date | July 21, 1969, 21:35:00 UTC[9] |
| Undocking date | July 21, 1969, 23:41:31 UTC[9] |
 Left to right: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin | |
Apollo 11 was a spaceflight conducted by the United States and launched by NASA from July 16 to July 24, 1969. It marked the first time that humans landed on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC, and Armstrong became the first person to step onto the Moon's surface six hours and 39 minutes later, on July 21 at 02:56 UTC. Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later, and they spent about two and a quarter hours together exploring the site they had named Tranquility Base upon landing. Armstrong and Aldrin collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth as pilot Michael Collins flew the Command Module Columbia in lunar orbit, and were on the Moon's surface for 21 hours, 36 minutes, before lifting off to rejoin Columbia.
Apollo 11 was launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16 at 13:32 UTC, and it was the fifth crewed mission of NASA's Apollo program. The Apollo spacecraft had three parts: a command module (CM) with a cabin for the three astronauts, the only part that returned to Earth; a service module (SM), which supported the command module with propulsion, electrical power, oxygen, and water; and a lunar module (LM) that had two stages—a descent stage for landing on the Moon and an ascent stage to place the astronauts back into lunar orbit.
After being sent to the Moon by the Saturn V's third stage, the astronauts separated the spacecraft from it and traveled for three days until they entered lunar orbit. Armstrong and Aldrin then moved into Eagle and landed in the Sea of Tranquility on July 20. The astronauts used Eagle's ascent stage to lift off from the lunar surface and rejoin Collins in the command module. They jettisoned Eagle before they performed the maneuvers that propelled Columbia out of the last of its 30 lunar orbits onto a trajectory back to Earth.[9] They returned to Earth and splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on July 24 after more than eight days in space.
Armstrong's first step onto the lunar surface was broadcast on live TV to a worldwide audience. He described the event as "one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind."[a][15] Apollo 11 effectively proved U.S. victory in the Space Race to demonstrate spaceflight superiority, by fulfilling a national goal proposed in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy, "before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth."[16]
- ^ Byrne., Dave (July 8, 2019). "Apollo 11 Image Library". hq.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on February 24, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
- ^ "Apollo 11 Command and Service Module (CSM)". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
- ^ "Apollo 11 Lunar Module / EASEP". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
- ^ a b "Apollo 11 Press Kit" (PDF). history.nasa.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
- ^ "Ground Ignition Weights". history.nasa.gov. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Mission Overviewwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e "Apollo 11 Mission Summary". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
- ^ a b Orloff 2000, p. 106.
- ^ a b c d Orloff 2000, p. 109.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ALSJ 1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Orloff 2000, p. 97.
- ^ Williams, David R. (December 11, 2003). "Apollo Landing Site Coordinates". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
- ^ Orloff 2000, p. 107.
- ^ Jones, Eric (April 8, 2018). "One Small Step". Apollo 11 Lunar Surface Journal. Archived from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ALSJ 4was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Stenger, Richard (May 25, 2001). "Man on the Moon: Kennedy speech ignited the dream". CNN. Archived from the original on June 6, 2010. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
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