Augustus II the Strong

Augustus II
Portrait of Augustus with the star of the Polish Order of the White Eagle, by Louis de Silvestre
Elector of Saxony
Reign	27 April 1694 – 1 February 1733
Predecessor	John George IV
Successor	Frederick Augustus II
King of Poland Grand Duke of Lithuania
Reign	15 September 1697 – 13 October 1706
Coronation	15 September 1697 Wawel Cathedral
Predecessor	John III
Successor	Stanisław I
Reign	9 October 1709 – 1 February 1733
Successor	Stanisław I
Born	(1670-05-12)12 May 1670 Dresden, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
Died	1 February 1733(1733-02-01) (aged 62) Warsaw, Poland, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Burial	Dresden Cathedral, Dresden (heart) Wawel Cathedral, Kraków (body)
Spouse	Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth ​ ​ (m. 1693; died 1727)​
Issue Detail	Augustus III of Poland Illegitimate: Maurice de Saxe Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe Frederick Augustus Rutowsky Maria Anna Katharina Rutowska Anna Karolina Orzelska
House	Wettin
Father	John George III, Elector of Saxony
Mother	Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark
Religion	Roman Catholicism (from 1697) Lutheran (until 1697)
Signature

Augustus II the Strong^[a] (12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733. He belonged to the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin.

Augustus' great physical strength earned him the nicknames "the Strong", "the Saxon Hercules" and "Iron-Hand". He liked to show that he lived up to his name by breaking horseshoes with his bare hands and engaging in fox tossing by holding the end of his sling with just one finger while two of the strongest men in his court held the other end.^[1] He is also notable for fathering a very large number of children.

In order to be elected king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Augustus converted to Roman Catholicism. As a Catholic, he received the Order of the Golden Fleece from the Holy Roman Emperor and established the Order of the White Eagle, Poland's highest distinction. As elector of Saxony, he is perhaps best remembered as a patron of the arts and architecture. He transformed the Saxon capital of Dresden into a major cultural centre, attracting artists from across Europe to his court. Augustus also amassed an impressive art collection and built lavish baroque palaces in Dresden and Warsaw. In 1711 he served as the Imperial vicar of the Holy Roman Empire.

His reigns brought Poland some troubled times. He led the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Great Northern War, which allowed the Russian Empire to strengthen its influence in Europe, especially within Poland. His main pursuit was bolstering royal power in the Commonwealth, characterized by broad decentralization in comparison with other European monarchies. In order to reduce the autonomy of the Commonwealth's subjects he was using foreign powers leading to destabilization of the country. Augustus ruled Poland with an interval; in 1704 the Swedes installed nobleman Stanisław Leszczyński as king, who officially reigned from 1706 to 1709 and after Augustus' death in 1733 which sparked the War of the Polish Succession.

Augustus' body was buried in Poland's royal Wawel Cathedral in Kraków, but his heart rests in the Dresden Cathedral. His only legitimate son, Augustus III of Poland, became king in 1733.

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