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Awash River
| Awash River Great Dir River (historical} | |
|---|---|
 Awash River, Ethiopia | |
 Map showing the Awash River drainage basin. | |
| Native name | |
| Location | |
| Country | Ethiopia |
| Regions | Afar, Oromia, Amhara, Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia |
| Cities | Addis Ababa, Metehara, Awash, Gewane, Asaita, Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, Sebeta, Bishoftu, Gelan, Adama, Modjo |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Ethiopian Highlands |
| • location | Near the town of Ginchi, West Shewa, Oromia |
| • coordinates | 9°05′48″N 38°10′01″E / 9.09667°N 38.16694°E |
| • elevation | 2,929 m (9,610 ft) |
| Mouth | Lake Abbe |
• coordinates | 11°08′53″N 41°41′08″E / 11.14806°N 41.68556°E |
• elevation | 248 m (814 ft) |
| Length | 1,200 km (750 mi)[1] |
| Basin size | 69,196 km2 (26,717 sq mi)[2] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Mouth[2] |
| • average | 151.9 m3/s (5,360 cu ft/s) |
| • minimum | 37.9 m3/s (1,340 cu ft/s) |
| • maximum | 510.5 m3/s (18,030 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Population | 17,900,000[3] |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Logiya, Mille, Borkana, Ataye, Hawadi, Kabenna, Durkham Rivers, Germama River, Akaki River, Dechatu River, Keleta River, Modjo River |
| • right | Gololcha |
The Awash River (sometimes spelled Awaash; Oromo: Awaash OR Hawaas, Amharic: ዐዋሽ, Afar: Hawaash We'ayot, Somali: Webiga Dir) is a major river of Ethiopia. Its course is entirely contained within the boundaries of Ethiopia and empties into a chain of interconnected lakes that begin with Lake Gargori and end with Lake Abbe (or Abhe Bad) on the border with Djibouti, some 100 kilometres (60 or 70 miles) from the head of the Gulf of Tadjoura. The Awash River is the principal stream of an endorheic drainage basin covering parts of the Amhara, Oromia and Somali Regions, as well as the southern half of the Afar Region. The Awash River basin, spanning 23 administrative zones, covers 10% of Ethiopia's area.[4]
The basin usually has two rainy seasons, a shorter one around March (Belg), and a longer one between June and September (Kiremt), which partly fall into one longer rainy season. Climate change is predicted to increase the water deficiency in all seasons and for parts of the basin, due to a projected increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation.[5]
The Awash River basin is the most developed, utilized, abused, impacted, and most populous (over 15% or nearly 18.6 million out of 120 million) basin in Ethiopia (as of 2021).[6] Rapid growth of agriculture, industries and urbanization within the Awash basin, as well as population growth is placing increasing demands on the basin’s water resources. The main sources of water pollution in the upper Awash River basin come from industrial and urban wastes, agricultural runoff (pesticides, fertilizers), and sewage discharge. Polluting industries in the Awash River basin include tanneries, paint factories, slaughterhouses, textiles, breweries, soft drink factories, sugar factories, hospitals, and pharmaceuticals.[6]
The Awash Valley (and especially the Middle Awash) is internationally famous for its high density of hominin fossils, offering unparalleled insight into the early evolution of humans.[7] "Lucy", one of the most famous early hominin fossils, was discovered in the lower Awash Valley.[7] For its palaeontological and anthropological importance, the lower valley of the Awash was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1980.[7]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Lengthwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Lehner, Bernhard; Verdin, Kristine; Jarvis, Andy (2008-03-04). "New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. 89 (10): 93–94. doi:10.1029/2008eo100001. ISSN 0096-3941.
- ^ Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:5was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Taye, Meron Teferi; Dyer, Ellen; Hirpa, Feyera A.; Charles, Katrina (2018). "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia". Water. 10 (11): 1560. doi:10.3390/w10111560. ISSN 2073-4441.
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
- ^ a b Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023). "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2023EMnAs.195.1188A. doi:10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z. ISSN 0167-6369. PMC 10497432. PMID 37698767. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
- ^ a b c "Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
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