Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1922) Azərbajcan Sosjalist Зyra Cumhyriyyəti (Azerbaijani)[1] Азербайджанская Социалистическая Советская Республика (Russian) Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991) Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист Республикасы (Azerbaijani) Азербайджанская Советская Социалистическая Республика (Russian) Republic of Azerbaijan[a] (1991) Azərbaycan Respublikası (Azerbaijani) Азербайджанская Республика (Russian)
1920–1922 1936–1991
Flag (1952–1991) State emblem (1978–1991)
Motto: Бүтүн өлкәләрин пролетарлары, бирләшин! (Azerbaijani) Bütün ölkələrin proletarları, birləşin! (transliteration) "Proletarians of all countries, unite!"
Anthem:  (1920–1922) Azərbaycan marşı (1944–1991) Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист Республикасынын Һимни Azərbaycan Sovet Sosialist Respublikasının Himni "Anthem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic"
Location of Azerbaijan (red) within the Soviet Union
Status	Independent state (1920–1922) Part of the Transcaucasian SFSR (1922–1936) Union republic (1936–1991) De facto sovereign entity (1989–1991)
Capital	Baku
Common languages	Official languages: Azerbaijani · Russian Minority languages: Armenian · Lezgin · Talysh · Tat
Religion	Secular state (de jure) State atheism (de facto) Shia Islam (majority)
Demonym(s)	Azerbaijani Soviet
Government	1920–1990: Unitary Marxist-Leninist single-party Soviet socialist republic 1990–1991:[2] Unitary presidential republic
First Secretary
• 1920 (first)	Mirza Davud Huseynov[b]
• 1990–1991 (last)	Ayaz Mutallibov
Head of State
• 1920 (first)	Mirza Davud Huseynov[c]
• 1989–1990 (last)	Elmira Gafarova
Head of Government
• 1920–1922 (first)	Nariman Narimanov
• 1990–1991 (last)	Hasan Hasanov
Legislature	Supreme Soviet
History
• Republic proclaimed	28 April 1920
• Becomes part of the Transcaucasian SFSR	12 March 1922
• Re-established	5 December 1936
• First Nagorno-Karabakh War	20 February 1988
• Sovereignty declared	23 September 1989
• Black January	19–20 January 1990
• Renamed Republic of Azerbaijan	5 February 1991
• Independence declared	18 October 1991
• Independence recognized	26 December 1991
Population
• 1989 census	7,037,867
Currency	Soviet rouble (Rbl) (SUR)
Calling code	+7 892/895
Preceded by Succeeded by Azerbaijan Democratic Republic Republic of Mountainous Armenia Transcaucasian SFSR Azerbaijan Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh
Today part of	Azerbaijan

The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic^[d], also referred to as the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan SSR, Azerbaijani SSR, AzSSR, Soviet Azerbaijan or simply Azerbaijan, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union between 1922 and 1991. Created on 28 April 1920 when the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic brought pro-Soviet figures to power in the region, the first two years of the Azerbaijani SSR were as an independent country until incorporation into the Transcaucasian SFSR, along with the Armenian SSR and the Georgian SSR.

In December 1922, the Transcaucasian SFSR became part of the newly established Soviet Union. The Constitution of Azerbaijan SSR was approved by the 9th Extraordinary All-Azerbaijani Congress of Soviets on 14 March 1937. On 5 February 1991, Azerbaijan SSR was renamed the Republic of Azerbaijan according to the Decision No.16-XII of Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan approving the Decree of the President of Azerbaijan SSR dated 29 November 1990,^[3] remained in the USSR for the period before the declaration of independence in October 1991. The Constitution of the Azerbaijan SSR ceased to exist in 1995, upon the adoption of the new Constitution of Azerbaijan.

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