Bald eagle

Bald eagle Temporal range: Pleistocene-Recent 0.3–0 Ma[1] PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Bald eagle preparing to fly at Kachemak Bay in Alaska, United States
A recording of a bald eagle at Yellowstone National Park
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[2]
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[3]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Accipitriformes
Family:	Accipitridae
Genus:	Haliaeetus
Species:	H. leucocephalus
Binomial name
Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Subspecies
H. l. leucocephalus – southern bald eagle H. l. washingtoniensis – northern bald eagle
Bald eagle range   Breeding resident   Breeding summer visitor   Winter visitor   On migration only Star: accidental records
Synonyms
Falco leucocephalus Linnaeus, 1766 Falco pygargus Daudin, 1800 (nec Linnaeus) Falco ossifragus Shaw, 1809 (nec Linnaeus) Haliaeetus leucocephalus alascanus Townsend, 1897 (=H. l. washingtoniensis)

The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is a bird of prey found in North America. A sea eagle, it has two known subspecies and forms a species pair with the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), which occupies the same niche as the bald eagle in the Palearctic. Its range includes most of Canada and Alaska, all of the contiguous United States, and northern Mexico. It is found near large bodies of open water with an abundant food supply and old-growth trees for nesting.

The bald eagle is an opportunistic feeder which subsists mainly on fish, which it swoops down upon and snatches from the water with its talons. It builds the largest nest of any North American bird and the largest tree nests ever recorded for any animal species, up to 4 m (13 ft) deep, 2.5 m (8.2 ft) wide, and 1 metric ton (1.1 short tons) in weight. Sexual maturity is attained at the age of four to five years.

Bald eagles are not bald; the name derives from an older meaning of the word, "white headed". The adult is mainly brown with a white head and tail. The sexes are identical in plumage, but females are about 25 percent larger than males. The yellow beak is large and hooked. The plumage of the immature is brown.

The bald eagle is the national bird of the United States and appears on its seal. In the late 20th century it was on the brink of extirpation in the contiguous United States. Populations have since recovered, and the species' status was upgraded from "endangered" to "threatened" in 1995 and removed from the list altogether in 2007.