A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as president of India from 2002 to 2007.[1] Born in Rameswaram in Southern India, Kalam spent four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation and Indian Space Research Organisation and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts.[2][3] He was known as the "Missile Man of India" for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology.[4][5] He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998.[6]
He was elected as the president of India in 2002 and was widely referred to as the "People's President".[7][8][9][10] He engaged in teaching, writing and public service after his presidency.[11][12] He was a recipient of several awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.[13][14]