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Bleak House

Bleak House
Cover of first serial, March 1852
Illustration from the New York Public Library Berg Collection
AuthorCharles Dickens
IllustratorHablot Knight Browne (Phiz)
Cover artistHablot Knight Browne (Phiz)
LanguageEnglish
GenreNovel
PublishedSerialised 12 March 1852 – 12 September 1853; book form 12 September 1853
PublisherBradbury & Evans
Publication placeEngland
Preceded byDavid Copperfield 
Followed byA Child's History of England 

Bleak House is a novel by English author Charles Dickens, first published as a 20-episode serial between 12 March 1852 and 12 September 1853. The novel has many characters and several subplots, and is told partly by the novel's heroine, Esther Summerson, and partly by an omniscient narrator. At the centre of Bleak House is a long-running legal case in the Court of Chancery, Jarndyce and Jarndyce, which comes about because a testator has written several conflicting wills. In a preface to the 1853 first edition, Dickens said there were many actual precedents for his fictional case.[1] One such was probably Thellusson v Woodford, in which a will read in 1797[2] was contested and not determined until 1859. Though many in the legal profession criticised Dickens's satire as exaggerated, Bleak House helped support a judicial reform movement that culminated in the enactment of legal reform in the 1870s.[3]

Some scholars debate when Bleak House is set. The English legal historian Sir William Holdsworth sets the action in 1827;[4] however, reference to preparation for the building of a railway in Chapter LV suggests the 1830s. A work of Gothic fiction depicting London as a murky city swathed in fog, Bleak House is credited with introducing urban fog to the novel, which would become a frequent characteristic of urban Gothic literature and film.[5] Released in 1901, the Bleak House-inspired The Death of Poor Joe is the earliest filmed adaptation of a Dickens work.[6][7]

  1. ^ Dickens, Charles (1868) [1852]. "Preface". Bleak House. New York: Hurd and Houghton. p. viii. ISBN 1-60329-013-3.
  2. ^ Constantine, Alison. The Restoration of Brodsworth Hall & Gardens, February 2007 historical address, at Tickhill & District Local History Society
  3. ^ Oldham, James. "A Profusion of Chancery Reform". Law and History Review.
  4. ^ Holdsworth, William S. (1928). Charles Dickens as a Legal Historian. The Storrs Lectures. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. p. 79. OCLC 771451208.
  5. ^ Mighall, Robert (2007), "Gothic Cities", in C. Spooner and E. McEvoy, eds, The Routledge Companion to Gothic, London: Routledge, pp. 54–72
  6. ^ Waters, Florence (9 March 2012). "First Charles Dickens film found 111 years after it was made". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2025.
  7. ^ "Earliest Charles Dickens film uncovered". BBC News. 9 March 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2025.

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