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Bolsonarism
Bolsonarism (Portuguese: bolsonarismo) is a far-right[1][2][3][4] fascist like[5] political phenomenon that broke out in Brazil with the rise in popularity of Jair Bolsonaro, especially during his campaign in the presidential election in Brazil in 2018, which elected him president. The Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) crisis during the Dilma Rousseff government, precipitated and accelerated by the political-economic crisis of 2014, strengthened Bolsonarist ideology and the Brazilian new right, which are part of the context of the rise of New Right populism at an international level.[6][7]
Bolsonarism Bolsonarismo | |
|---|---|
 Jair Bolsonaro at the anniversary of the Brazilian constitution, President of Brazil from 2019 to 2023. | |
| Leader | Jair Bolsonaro |
| Founder | Jair Bolsonaro Olavo de Carvalho |
| Founded | 2018 |
| Membership | Liberal Party Historical Alliance for Brazil Social Liberal Party |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Far-right[1][2][3][4] |
Bolsonarism was the predominant ideology of the Bolsonaro government and is associated with rhetoric defending the family, patriotism, conservatism, religion and authoritarianism, neo-fascism, anti-communism, scientific denialism, carrying weapons, rejection of human rights and the aversion to the political left, as well as the cult of the figure of Bolsonaro, often called a "myth".[4][13] Writer Olavo de Carvalho is often cited as having been the guru of the Bolsonarist ideology.[14][15][16][17][18]
Although former president Bolsonaro defines his government as "free from ideological constraints",[19] he does not recognize Bolsonarism as an ideology, his followers — pejoratively called "Bolsominions" — diverge between those who agree with Bolsonaro[20] and those who flaunt the term to express their political position.[21]
Bolsonarism has attracted several followers and fanatics, who, in the name of Bolsonaro or based on his ideas, have carried out several extremist attacks and terrorist acts such as 2023 Brazilian Congress attack and the 2024 Brasília attack.[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Not long after its Brazilian release on 7 November 2024, Walter Salles' film I'm Still Here was the target of an unsuccessful boycott.[29][30][31]
- ^ a b Phillips, Dom (2018-01-14). "Brazil's far-right presidential contender gets soft drink named after him". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ a b Barón, Francho (2014-10-07). "O inquietante 'fenômeno Bolsonaro'". El País Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ a b "Por que assistimos a uma volta do fascismo à brasileira". Folha de São Paulo. 2021-03-29. Archived from the original on 2021-03-29. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c Ribeiro, Guilherme. "Entre armas e púlpitos: a necropolítica do Bolsonarismo". Continentes: 463–485. ISSN 2317-8825. Retrieved 2024-11-16 – via PPGGEO-UFRRJ.
Myth means childishly mixing reality and imagination. Being outside of history but, at the same time, having the powers to intervene in it. Losing the notion of humanity when calling for a superman capable of solving everything seen as a problem. The myth is a delusional cry in the name of the elimination of the other and if perhaps the tragedy of death emerges on the horizon of life and historical time reclaims its rights, the right will always be able to find the excuse that it did not imagine that things would happen in such a way as to how the left would have done much worse. In short, the myth is the impeccable alibi of authoritarianism.
- ^ Gomes, Luiz Roberto (January 2020). "Multiple-faces authoritarianism in Brazil: anti-Semitism, Bolsonarism and Education". Revista Eletrônica de Educação. 14. doi:10.14244/198271994532. ISSN 1982-7199.
It is not just about specific periods, such as: the genocide of the indigenous people, during the invasion of Brazilian lands in 1500; or more than 300 years of official slavery; the Vargas Dictatorship in Estado Novo; the "Years of Lead" (1964-1984); or the extremist authoritarian personality - of a fascist type - of Jair Bolsonaro, his government and insurgent Bolsonarism28; which dispute our territory and threaten us every day.
- ^ Galinari, Tiago Nogueira (2019-08-29). "A "Guinada à direita" e a nova política externa brasileira". Caderno de Geografia (in Portuguese). 29 (2): 190–211. doi:10.5752/P.2318-2962.2019v29n2p190-211. ISSN 2318-2962. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ Brasil em transe : Bolsonarismo, nova direita e desdemocratização. Rio de Janeiro: Oficina Raquel. 2019. OCLC 1112610937.
- ^
- Boito, Armando (2023-01-01). "The Rise of Fascism in Brazil". Latin American Perspectives. 50 (1): 14–31. doi:10.1177/0094582X221140419. ISSN 0094-582X.
All of this appears to point to what many observers have said: that there is a solid core of Bolsonarism, which I am characterizing as neofascist, around which a broader periphery gravitates from various outer reaches of the right and far-right.
- Medeiros, Henrique Gonçalves Dantas de; Araújo Júnior, José Luiz do Amaral Corrêa de (2024-08-26). "Reflexes of bolsonarism on women's health policies and sexual and reproductive rights". Trabalho, Educação e Saúde. 22: e02811259. doi:10.1590/1981-7746-ojs2811. ISSN 1678-1007.
Bolsonarism is defined as a neo-fascist movement whose main social base is the upper middle class.
- Gomes, Luiz Roberto (January 2020). "Multiple-faces authoritarianism in Brazil: anti-Semitism, Bolsonarism and Education". Revista Eletrônica de Educação. 14. doi:10.14244/198271994532. ISSN 1982-7199.
Bolsonarism is a term created to designate the ideological, fundamentalist, conservative, extremist and fascist character of Jair Bolsonaro and his sons. This is a movement that has triggered many researches in Brazil and in the world, especially in the area of Human Sciences.
- Sauer, Sérgio (2022-11-14). "Authoritarian populism, neo-fascism and 2022 national elections: Agrarian implications from the advance of the extreme right in Brazil". REVISTA NERA (in Portuguese). 25 (63). doi:10.47946/rnera.v25i63.9519. ISSN 1806-6755.
For contemporary analyses of the 2022 electoral processes, this political debate is not so crucial, but it is fundamental to win the elections(RODRIGUES, 2022) and create conditions to overcome the so-called "bolsonarismo" (REIS, 2021), a neo-fascist ideology and an authoritarian populism, that goes deeper than thecurrent administration (SUZUKI, 2022).
- Robinson, William I. (2019-11-10). "Capital has an Internationale and it is going fascist: time for an international of the global popular classes". Globalizations. 16 (7): 1085–1091. doi:10.1080/14747731.2019.1654706. ISSN 1474-7731.
Trumpism in the United States, Bolsonarism in Brazil, and to varying degrees other far-right movements around the world, represent the extension of capitalist globalization by other means, namely by an expanding global police state and a neo-fascist mobilization.
- Andrada, Leonardo Silva (2022-11-30). "Direita, Esquerda, Nova Direita e o Neofascismo Brasileiro". Revista Estudos Políticos (in Portuguese). 13 (25): 01–23. doi:10.22409/rep.v13i25.56134. ISSN 2177-2851.
Finally, it proposes that there is a specific aspect of the "new" right to which "bolsonarism" is linked, and it defends the adequacy of the term "neo-fascist" as a means of referring to the contemporary expression of such political phenomenon.
- Doval, Gisela Pereyra; Lucca, Juan Bautista; Iglesias, Esteban (2024-05-24). El Brasil de Bolsonaro: En español (in Spanish). Melos. ISBN 978-987-8267-97-5.
Para caracterizar el Gobierno de Bolsonaro — y el movimiento que lo respalda — de neofascista, Boito (2019, 2020a, 2020b, 2021) expone el concepto de fascismo que retoma.
- Jardim, Alex Fabiano Correia; Oliveira, Adhemar Santos de; Costa, Paulo Henrique Dias; Andrade, Warley Kelber Gusmão de; Almeida, Michelle Martins de; Amorim, Jailson Pereira de; Menezes, Sabrina Lasevitch; Silva, Laise Franciele Souza (2022-05-10). Deleuze e Guattari – Pensar em veredas que se bifurcam: política, educação e clínica (in German). Editora CRV. ISBN 978-65-251-2297-7.
O essencial a atentar com a hipótese do bolsonarismo como máquina de guerra ncofascista é que agora há uma máquina de guerra que toma um Estado, como no fascismo histórico, mas que antes de realizar a linha de morte na forma das grandes guerras, a máquina neofascista se utiliza das forgas concretas e "baixas" da violéncia pós-fascista.
- Almeida, Diogo H. A. (2021-03-10). Por que Bolsonaro é uma anomalia civilizacional? (in Brazilian Portuguese). Autografia. ISBN 978-65-5943-397-1.
Podemos recorrer ao pensamento esclarecido de muitos autores, professores, cientistas políticos e pensadores para constatarmos claramente que Bolsonaro e seu movimento de defesa, o bolsonarismo, sáo de caráter fascista, ou neofascista, ou, no mínimo, um populismo de direita.
- Filgueiras, Luiz; Druck, Graça (2020-11-06). O Brasil nas trevas (2013-2020): Do golpe neoliberal ao fascismo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Boitempo Editorial. ISBN 978-65-5717-030-4.
No caso do Brasil, o "bolsonarismo" é um "movimento neofascista" efetivamente constituído, política e ideologicamente mobilizador, tendo raízes em certos segmentos e fracóes de classe da sociedade brasileira — embora aparente ser inorgánico, em virtude da inexisténcia, ainda, de um Partido político que unifique, organize, discipline e represente os seus vários grupos e tendencias.
- Arcary, Valerio (2022-07-14). Ninguém disse que seria fácil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Boitempo Editorial. ISBN 978-65-5717-168-4.
E o bolsonarismo é uma corriente neofascista.
- Boito, Armando (2023-01-01). "The Rise of Fascism in Brazil". Latin American Perspectives. 50 (1): 14–31. doi:10.1177/0094582X221140419. ISSN 0094-582X.
- ^ McLean, Nicole (2022-11-03). "Lula is back! Third time lucky or will his return lead to the revival of Bolsonaro? - ECPS". European Center for Populism Studies. Retrieved 2025-02-09.
Another feature of Bolsonarism is nationalism.
- ^ a b c Silva Júnior, João dos Reis; Fargoni, Everton Henrique Eleutério (January 2020). "Bolsonarism: Brazilian necropolitics as pact between fascists and neoliberals". Revista Eletrônica de Educação. 14. doi:10.14244/198271994533. ISSN 1982-7199.
It can therefore be said that Bolsonarism is a facet of Brazilian authoritarianism or an authentic right-wing populism that articulates with neoliberalism, because its characteristics are witnessed in Brazil's social daily life, producing a daily pedagogy of right-wing populism.
- ^ Bernardino-Costa, Joaze (2023-01-01). "Opening Pandora's Box: The Extreme Right and the Resurgence of Racism in Brazil". Latin American Perspectives. 50 (1): 98–114. doi:10.1177/0094582X221147596. ISSN 0094-582X.
Social networks would provide the necessary fuel for Bolsonarism, a phenomenon that expresses an ultraconservative moral and neoliberal economic worldview.
- ^ Araújo, Maria do Socorro Sousa de; Carvalho, Alba Maria Pinho de (2021). "Autoritarismo no Brasil do presente: bolsonarismo nos circuitos do ultraliberalismo, militarismo e reacionarismo". Revista Katálysis. 24 (1): 146–156. ISSN 1982-0259.
Based on the critical analysis of scholars on the Brazilian reality, we approach bolsonarism as an expression of authoritarianism in Brazil of the Present, constituted from the convergence of political-cultural reactionism, militarism and ultraliberalism.
- ^ Graieb, Carlos (2021-01-29). "Prepare-se para falar de armas". ISTOÉ Independente (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Militares entram na mira de Olavo de Carvalho, 'guru' de Bolsonaro - Metro 1". Metro 1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Guru do bolsonarismo, Olavo de Carvalho orienta alunos a deixarem governo". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2019-03-08. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Olavo de Carvalho chama parlamentares do PSL de semianalfabetos". Estado de Minas (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2019-01-17. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Guru de Bolsonaro, Olavo de Carvalho reforça crítica ao Escola sem Partido: "Colocaram a carroça na frente dos bois"". GZH (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2018-11-23. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Olavo de Carvalho já perdeu 250 financiadores desde a eleição de Bolsonaro". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Cinco pontos que marcaram os discursos de posse de Bolsonaro". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Silas Malafaia: "Não sou bolsominion"". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "O que é ser bolsonarista?". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Rodovias têm 167 bloqueios com protestos de bolsonaristas; veja situação por estado". Valor Investe (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Acordo da PGR com investigados por atos golpistas pode prever curso sobre democracia". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2023-09-18. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Capitólio do Brasil, ato violento: como invasão repercute pelo mundo [08/01/2023]". UOL (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Trailer de homem que atacou STF tinha boné com slogan de Bolsonaro | Radar". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "O terrorista bolsonarista e a anistia". CartaCapital (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ Filho, João (2024-11-16). "Bombas de 'Tio França' não são caso isolado, são terrorismo bolsonarista". Intercept Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Lobo solitário ou alcateia terrorista: Brasília vê guerra de narrativas após atentado de bolsonarista". Brasil de Fato (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-11-15. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
- ^ "Perfis de direita pregam boicote a 'Ainda Estou Aqui' nas redes". F5 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-11-12. Retrieved 2024-11-13.
- ^ "Boicote a 'Ainda Estou Aqui' é vergonhoso e ignorante --e não funciona". UOL (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2024-11-20. Retrieved 2024-12-06.
- ^ "Brazil film portraying notorious crime during dictatorship strikes chord: 'It hasn't been overcome'". The Guardian. 4 December 2024.
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