Chinese Soviet Republic

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Chinese Soviet Republic 中華蘇維埃共和國
1931–1937
Flag (1934–1937)[1][2][3] Emblem
Motto: "Proletariats and oppressed peoples of the world, unite!"[n 1]
Anthem: "The Internationale"[n 2]
Map of the various soviets comprising the Chinese Soviet Republic and the route of the Long March
Capital	Ruijin, Jiangxi Soviet (1931–1934) Bao'an, Yan'an Soviet (1936–1937) Yan'an, Yan'an Soviet (1937)
Largest city	Ruijin
Government	Unitary Leninist one-party soviet socialist republic under a provisional government
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee
• 1931–1937	Mao Zedong
Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Committee
• 1931–1937	Zhu De
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
• 1931–1934	Mao Zedong
• 1934–1937	Zhang Wentian
Legislature	National Congress of the Chinese Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies
Historical era	Interwar period
• Independence proclaimed from the Republic of China	7 November 1931
• Start of the Long March	7 October 1934
• Fall of Ruijin	10 November 1934
• Arrival at Shaanxi	22 October 1935
• Disintegration of the Soviet Republic	22 September 1937
Currency	Chinese Soviet yuan
Preceded by Succeeded by Soviet Zone Soviet Zone Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region

Part of a series on the
Chinese Communist Revolution
Mao Zedong and leading revolutionaries proclaim the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.
Outline of the Chinese Civil War
Origins Context Century of Humiliation 1911 Revolution Warlord Era Ideas Nationalism Anarchism Marxism Movements New Culture Movement May Fourth Movement Diligent Work-Frugal Study Movement
Early history First United Front Founding of the Communist Party Far Eastern Bureau of the Communist International Sun–Joffe Manifesto Left Kuomintang Peasant Movement Training Institute Canton Coup 28 Bolsheviks Labor organizing 1922 seamen's strike May Thirtieth Movement Canton–Hong Kong strike Northern Expedition Wuhan Government Hunan Report Hankou incident Nanjing Incident Shanghai Commune Break with the KMT
Civil War Aftermath of purge Nanchang Little Long March Autumn Harvest Guangzhou Internal Purges AB League Incident Futian incident Chinese Soviet Republic Jiangxi Soviet Chinese Red Army Long March Zunyi Conference Anti-Japanese resistance Xi'an Incident
Second United Front Second Sino-Japanese War New Fourth Army Eighth Route Army East River Column Hundred Regiments Offensive New Fourth Army Incident Communist base areas Yan'an Soviet Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Yan'an Rectification Campaign Yan'an Forum Women's movement
Resumed Civil War Military conflict "Millet plus rifles" People's Liberation Army Operation Beleaguer Liaoshen campaign Huaihai campaign Pingjin campaign Retreat of the ROC to Taiwan Urban support for Communists China Democratic League Shen Chong case Jiaochangkou incident Yu Zisan Incident Revolutionary Committee of the KMT
Forming the People's Republic Government Central People's Government Writing the Constitution 1954 Constitution Reforms Land Reform New Marriage Law First five-year plan Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns Suppression of counterrevolutionaries Foreign relations Sino-Soviet Cooperation Annexation of Tibet Intervention in Korea Intervention in Vietnam
Legacy Mao Zedong Thought Marxism–Leninism–Maoism National Day 100th Anniversary of the CCP
China portal Communism portal
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The Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR)^{[n 3]} was a state within China, proclaimed on 7 November 1931 by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leaders Mao Zedong and Zhu De in the early stages of the Chinese Civil War. The discontiguous territories of the CSR included 18 provinces and 4 counties under the Communists' control. The CSR's government was located in its largest component territory, the Jiangxi Soviet in southeastern China, with its capital city at Ruijin. Due to the importance of the Jiangxi Soviet in the CSR's early history, the name "Jiangxi Soviet" is sometimes used to refer to the CSR as a whole.^[8] Other component territories of the CSR included the Minzhegan, Xianggan, Xiang'egang, Honghu, Xiang'echuanqian, Eyuwan, Eyushan, Shaanxi-Gansu, Sichuan-Shaanxi, and Hailufeng Soviets.

Mao Zedong was both CSR state chairman and prime minister; he commanded the state and its government. Mao's tenure as commander of a "small state within a state" gave him experience in mobile warfare and peasant organization, which helped him lead the Chinese Communists to victory in 1949.^[9]

The Encirclement Campaigns initiated by the Kuomintang in 1934 forced the CCP to abandon most of the soviets in southern China.^[9] The CCP (including the leadership of the CSR) embarked on the Long March from southern China to the Yan'an Soviet, where a rump CSR continued to exist. A complex series of events in 1936 culminated in the Xi'an Incident, in which Chiang Kai-shek was kidnapped and forced to negotiate with the CCP. The CCP offered to abolish the CSR and put the Chinese Red Army commanded (nominally) by the Kuomintang in exchange for autonomy and an alliance against Japan. These negotiations were successful, and eventually resulted in the creation of the Second United Front. The CSR was officially dissolved on 22 September 1937 and the Yan'an Soviet was reconstituted officially as the Shaan-Gan-Ning and Jin-Cha-Ji Border Regions.^{[citation needed]}

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