Chloride

Chloride anion

Names
Systematic IUPAC name Chloride[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number	16887-00-6 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	3587171
ChEBI	CHEBI:17996
ChEMBL	ChEMBL19429 Y
ChemSpider	306 Y
Gmelin Reference	14910
IUPHAR/BPS	2339
KEGG	C00698 Y
PubChem CID	312
UNII	Q32ZN48698 Y
InChI InChI=1S/ClH/h1H/p-1 Y Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y
SMILES [Cl-]
Properties
Chemical formula	Cl−
Molar mass	35.45 g·mol−1
Conjugate acid	Hydrogen chloride
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S⦵298)	153.36 J·K−1·mol−1[2]
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−167 kJ·mol−1[2]
Related compounds
Other anions	Fluoride Bromide Iodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine anion (Cl⁻), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (−Cl). Many inorganic chlorides are salts. Many organic compounds are chlorides. The pronunciation of the word "chloride" is /ˈklɔːraɪd/.^[3]

Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often soluble in water.^[4] It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating liquid flow in and out of cells. Other examples of ionic chlorides are sodium chloride NaCl, calcium chloride CaCl₂ and ammonium chloride [NH₄]Cl.

The chloride is also a neutral chlorine atom covalently bonded by a single bond to the rest of the molecule. For example, methyl chloride CH₃Cl is an organic compound with a covalent C−Cl bond in which the chlorine is not an anion. Other examples of covalent chlorides are carbon tetrachloride CCl₄, sulfuryl chloride SO₂Cl₂ and monochloramine NH₂Cl.