Christian de Duve

Christian de Duve ForMemRS, Viscount de Duve
de Duve lecturing on the origin of the eukaryotic cell in 2012
Born	Christian René Marie Joseph de Duve (1917-10-02)2 October 1917 Thames Ditton, Surrey, England
Died	4 May 2013(2013-05-04) (aged 95) Grez-Doiceau, Belgium
Nationality	Belgian
Education	Our Lady College, Antwerp; Catholic University of Leuven
Known for	Cell organelles
Children	4, including Thierry
Awards	See list Francqui Prize (1960) Gairdner Foundation International Award (1967) Dr H.P. Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics (1973) Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (1974) ForMemRS (1988)[1] E.B. Wilson Medal (1989)
Scientific career
Fields	Medicine Endocrinology Biochemistry Cell biology
Institutions	Catholic University of Leuven UC Louvain Rockefeller University Washington University School of Medicine

Christian René Marie Joseph, Viscount de Duve (2 October 1917 – 4 May 2013) was a Nobel Prize-winning Belgian cytologist and biochemist.^[2] He made serendipitous discoveries of two cell organelles, peroxisomes and lysosomes, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with Albert Claude and George E. Palade ("for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell").^[3] In addition to peroxisome and lysosome, he invented scientific names such as autophagy, endocytosis, and exocytosis on a single occasion.^{[4][5][6][7][8]}

The son of Belgian refugees during the First World War, de Duve was born in Thames Ditton, Surrey, England.^[9] His family returned to Belgium in 1920. He was educated by the Jesuits at Our Lady College, Antwerp, and studied medicine at the Catholic University of Leuven. Upon earning his MD in 1941, he joined research in chemistry, working on insulin and its role in diabetes mellitus. His thesis earned him the highest university degree agrégation de l'enseignement supérieur (equivalent to PhD) in 1945.^[10]

With his work on the purification of penicillin, he obtained an MSc degree in 1946. He went for further training under (later Nobel Prize winners) Hugo Theorell at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, and Carl and Gerti Cori at the Washington University in St. Louis. He joined the faculty of medicine at Leuven in 1947. In 1960 he was invited to the Rockfeller Institute (now Rockefeller University). With mutual arrangement with Leuven, he became professor in both universities from 1962, dividing his time between Leuven and New York. In 1974, the same year he received his Nobel Prize, he founded the ICP, which would later be renamed the de Duve Institute.^[11] He became emeritus professor of the University of Louvain in 1985, and of Rockefeller in 1988.^[12]

De Duve was granted the rank of Viscount in 1989 by King Baudouin of Belgium. He was also a recipient of Francqui Prize, Gairdner Foundation International Award, Heineken Prize, and E.B. Wilson Medal. In 1974, he founded the International Institute of Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Brussels, eventually renamed the de Duve Institute in 2005. He was the founding President of the L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards.^[13] He died by legal euthanasia after long suffering from cancer and atrial fibrillation.^[14][15]