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Citizen Kane
| Citizen Kane | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Theatrical release poster (Style B) by William Rose | |
| Directed by | Orson Welles |
| Screenplay by |
|
| Produced by | Orson Welles |
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Gregg Toland |
| Edited by | Robert Wise |
| Music by | Bernard Herrmann |
Production companies | |
| Distributed by | RKO Radio Pictures |
Release dates |
|
Running time | 119 minutes[1] |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $839,727[2] |
| Box office | $1.8 million (re-release)[3][4] |
Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film directed by, produced by, and starring Orson Welles. Welles and Herman J. Mankiewicz wrote the screenplay. The picture was Welles's first feature film.
Citizen Kane is frequently cited as the greatest film ever made.[5] For 40 years (five decennial polls: 1962, 1972, 1982, 1992 and 2002), it stood at number one in the British Film Institute's Sight & Sound decennial poll of critics,[6] and it topped the American Film Institute's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list in 1998, as well as its 2007 update. The film was nominated for Academy Awards in nine categories and it won for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) by Mankiewicz and Welles. Citizen Kane is praised for Gregg Toland's cinematography, Robert Wise's editing, Bernard Herrmann's music, and its narrative structure, all of which have been considered innovative and precedent-setting.
The quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a composite character based on American media barons William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick, as well as aspects of the screenwriters' own lives. Upon its release, Hearst prohibited any mention of the film in his newspapers.[7]
After the Broadway success of Welles's Mercury Theatre and the controversial 1938 radio broadcast "The War of the Worlds" on The Mercury Theatre on the Air, Welles was courted by Hollywood. He signed a contract with RKO Pictures in 1939. Although it was unusual for an untried director, he was given freedom to develop his own story, to use his own cast and crew, and to have final cut privilege. Following two abortive attempts to get a project off the ground, he wrote the screenplay for Citizen Kane, collaborating with Herman J. Mankiewicz. Principal photography took place in 1940, the same year its innovative trailer was shown, and the film was released in 1941.
Although it was a critical success, Citizen Kane failed to recoup its costs at the box office. The film faded from view after its release, but it returned to public attention when it was praised by French critics such as André Bazin and re-released in 1956. In 1958, the film was voted number nine on the prestigious Brussels 12 list at the 1958 World Expo. The Library of Congress selected Citizen Kane as an inductee of the 1989 inaugural group of 25 films for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[8][9][10] Roger Ebert wrote of it: "Its surface is as much fun as any movie ever made. Its depths surpass understanding. I have analyzed it a shot at a time with more than 30 groups, and together we have seen, I believe, pretty much everything that is there on the screen. The more clearly I can see its physical manifestation, the more I am stirred by its mystery."[11]
- ^ "Citizen Kane (A)". British Board of Film Classification. August 1, 1941. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
- ^ Carringer, Robert L. (October 24, 1996). The Making of Citizen Kane, Revised Edition. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520205673. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved May 3, 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Paducahwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Citizen Kane (1941)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
- ^ The Sight & Sound Poll of the Greatest Films of All Time
- "1952 Critics' poll". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- "As the Critics Like It". Sight & Sound. Vol. 22, no. 2. British Film Institute. October–December 1952. p. 58.
- "1962 Critics' poll". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- "Top Ten". Sight & Sound. Vol. 31, no. 1. British Film Institute. Winter 1961–1962. p. 10.
- "1972 Critics' poll". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- "Top Ten 72". Sight & Sound. Vol. 41, no. 1. British Film Institute. Winter 1971–1972. pp. 12–13.
- "1982 Critics' poll". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- "Top Ten 1982". Sight & Sound. Vol. 51, no. 4. British Film Institute. Autumn 1982. p. 243.
- "1992 Directors' and Critics' poll". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- "Top Ten: 250 Verdicts". Sight & Sound. Vol. 2, no. 8. British Film Institute. December 1992. pp. 18–30.
- "2002 poll introduction". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on July 16, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- "2002 Critics' poll". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 13, 2016. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- "2002 Directors' poll". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on February 1, 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- "2012 Critics' poll". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- "2012 Directors' poll". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- ^ "Citizen Kane (1941)".
- ^ Blakemore, Erin (March 30, 2016). "How Hearst Tried to Stop 'Citizen Kane'". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
- ^ "Complete National Film Registry Listing – National Film Preservation Board | Programs | Library of Congress". Library of Congress. October 31, 2016. Archived from the original on October 31, 2016.
- ^ "National Film Registry". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- ^ "Entertainment: Film Registry Picks First 25 Movies". Los Angeles Times. September 19, 1989. Archived from the original on May 5, 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (May 24, 1998). "Citizen Kane". Chicago Sun-Times.
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