Coppicing

Coppice stool shortly after coppicing

One year's regrowth:

Coppiced alder in Hampshire, UK

Coppicing /ˈkɒpɪsɪŋ/ is the traditional method in woodland management of cutting down a tree to a stump, which in many species encourages new shoots to grow from the stump or roots, thus ultimately regrowing the tree. A forest or grove that has been subject to coppicing is called a copse /kɒps/ or coppice, in which young tree stems are repeatedly cut down to near ground level. The resulting living stumps are called stools. New growth emerges, and after a number of years, the coppiced trees are harvested, and the cycle begins anew. Pollarding is a similar process carried out at a higher level on the tree in order to prevent grazing animals from eating new shoots.^[1] Daisugi (台杉, where sugi refers to Japanese cedar), is a similar Japanese technique.^[2][3]

Many silviculture practices involve cutting and regrowth; coppicing has been of significance in many parts of lowland temperate Europe.^{[citation needed]} The widespread and long-term practice of coppicing as a landscape-scale industry is something that remains of special importance in southern England.^[4] Many of the English language terms referenced in this article are particularly relevant to historic and contemporary practice in that area.

Typically a coppiced woodland is harvested in sections or coups^[5] (also spelled 'coupe' but pronounced 'coop' and descended from the French or Norman French 'couper', to cut or coupé 'has been cut') on a rotation. English terms for an area of coppice include 'cant', 'panel' and 'fall' which can be interchangeable and regionally-based.^{[citation needed]} In this way, a crop is available each year somewhere in the woodland. Coppicing has the effect of providing a rich variety of habitats, as the woodland always has a range of different-aged coppice growing in it, which is beneficial for biodiversity. The cycle length depends upon the species cut, the local custom, and the use of the product. Birch can be coppiced for faggots on a three- or four-year cycle, whereas oak can be coppiced over a fifty-year cycle for poles or firewood.

Trees being coppiced do not die of old age as coppicing maintains the tree at a juvenile stage, allowing them to reach immense ages.^[1] The age of a stool may be estimated from its diameter; some are so large—as much as 5.5 metres (18 ft) across—that they are thought to have been continually coppiced for centuries.^[6]