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Cossack Hetmanate
Zaporozhian Host Військо Запорозьке (Ukrainian) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1649–1764 | |||||||||||||||
 The Cossack Hetmanate in 1654 | |||||||||||||||
| Status | 1649–1654: de facto independent, de jure autonomous part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; 1655–1657 (1669–1685 in Right-bank Ukraine[3][4]): vassal of the Ottoman Empire[5]; After 1654: Protectorate of the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, concurrent with the Kiev Governorate (1708–1764)[6] | ||||||||||||||
| Capital | |||||||||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||||||||
| Religion | Eastern Orthodox | ||||||||||||||
| Government | Stratocratic elective monarchy[8][9][10][11] | ||||||||||||||
| Hetman | |||||||||||||||
• 1648–1657 (first) | Bohdan Khmelnytsky | ||||||||||||||
• 1750–1764 (last) | Kirill Razumovsky | ||||||||||||||
| Legislature | General Cossack Council Council of Officers | ||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||
| 18 (8) August 1649 | |||||||||||||||
| 1651 | |||||||||||||||
| 1654 | |||||||||||||||
| 1667 | |||||||||||||||
• Hetman post abolished in Poland | 1686 | ||||||||||||||
• Kolomak Articles | 1687 | ||||||||||||||
• Hetman post abolished in Russia | 21 (10) November 1764 | ||||||||||||||
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| Today part of | |||||||||||||||
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![Coat of arms[1] of Cossack Hetmanate](view.php?q=Cossack_Hetmanate&sq=crain_ford&lang=en&file=File:CoA_Hetmanate.svg)
| History of Ukraine |
|---|
 |
The Cossack Hetmanate[nb 1] (Ukrainian: Гетьма́нщина, romanized: Hetmanshchyna; see other names), officially the Zaporozhian Host (Ukrainian: Військо Запорозьке, romanized: Viisko Zaporozke; Latin: Exercitus Zaporoviensis),[12] was a Ukrainian Cossack state.[12] Its territory consisted of most of central Ukraine and parts of Belarus.[9][13] It existed between 1649 and 1764, although its administrative-judicial system persisted until 1781.
The Hetmanate was founded by the Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, during the Khmelnytsky Uprising from 1648 to 1657 in the eastern territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Establishment of vassal relations with the Tsardom of Russia in the Treaty of Pereiaslav of 1654 is considered a benchmark of the Cossack Hetmanate in Soviet, Ukrainian, and Russian historiography. The second Pereiaslav Council in 1659 further restricted the independence of the Hetmanate, and from the Russian side there were attempts to declare agreements reached with Yurii Khmelnytsky in 1659 as nothing more than the "former Bohdan's agreements" of 1654.[14][15][16] The 1667 Treaty of Andrusovo, conducted without any representation from the Cossack Hetmanate, established the borders between the Polish and Russian states, dividing the Hetmanate in half along the Dnieper and putting the Zaporozhian Sich under a formal joint Russian-Polish administration.
After a failed attempt to break the union with Russia by Ivan Mazepa in 1708, the whole area was included into the Kiev Governorate,[17] and Cossack autonomy was severely restricted. Catherine II of Russia officially abolished the institute of the Hetman in 1764, and from 1764 to 1781, the Cossack Hetmanate was incorporated as the Little Russia Governorate headed by Pyotr Rumyantsev, with the last remnants of the Hetmanate's administrative system abolished in 1781.
- ^ "УКРАИНА • Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия".
- ^ The main motif of regimental and centurion banners of the Zaporozhye Army since 1755, Military banner
- ^ Kármán & Kunčevic 2013, p. 142.
- ^ Magocsi 2010, p. 369.
- ^ Kármán & Kunčevic 2013, p. 150.
- ^ "Однороженко О. Козацька геральдика // Історія українського козацтва: нариси у 2 т. — Київ.: Вид. дім «Києво-Могилянська академія», 2007. — Т. 2". Archived from the original on 2011-04-05. Retrieved 2012-07-04.
- ^ a b c Snyder 2003, p. 116.
- ^ Яковенко Н. Розділ V. Козацька ера. § 1. Козацька революція 1648–1657 рр. // Нарис історії України з найдавніших часів до кінця XVIII ст. — Київ, 1997.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
EoUwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Smoliy, Valeriy (1991). "Ukrayinsʹka kozatsʹka derzhava" Українська козацька держава [The Ukrainian Cossack State] (PDF). Ukrainian Historical Journal (in Ukrainian) (4). ISSN 0130-5247. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
- ^ Saltovskiy, Oleksandr (2002). "Kontseptsiyi Ukrayinsʹkoyi Derzhavnosti v Istoriyi Vitchyznyanoyi Politychnoyi Dumky (vid vytokiv do pochatku XX storichchya)" Концепції Української Державності в Історії Вітчизняної Політичної Думки (від витоків до початку XX сторіччя) [Concepts of Ukrainian Statehood in the History of Domestic Political Thought (from its origins to the beginning of the XX century)]. litopys.org.ua (in Ukrainian). Kyiv. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
- ^ a b c Magocsi 2010, p. 245.
- ^ Saltovskiy, Oleksandr (2002). "КОНЦЕПЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДЕРЖАВНОСТІ В ІСТОРІЇ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОЇ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ДУМКИ (від витоків до початку XX сторіччя)" [CONCEPTS OF UKRAINIAN STATEHOOD IN THE HISTORY OF DOMESTIC POLITICAL THOUGHT (from its origins to the beginning of the XX century)]. litopys.org.ua (in Ukrainian). Kyiv. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
- ^ Orest Subtelny. [www.brama.com/ukraine/history/pereyaslav/ Treaty of Pereyaslav]. "Ukraine - A History". University of Toronto Press, 1993
- ^ Horobets, V. The Pereyaslav Rada of 1654 in myths and reality. Newspaper Den. 8 April 2003
- ^ Пётр Шафранов "О статьях Богдана Хмельницкого 1654 г."//"Киевская Старина" 1889 г.
- ^ "Decree on the establishment of provinces and cities of rospisanii (Google translation)". Garant-Service. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
Cite error: There are <ref group=nb> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=nb}} template (see the help page).
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