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Cultural Muslims
Non-practicing Muslims who still identify with Islam
This article is about non-practicing Muslims who still identify with Islam. For Muslims not affiliating with a specific school or branch, see Non-denominational Muslim.
Cultural Muslims, also known as nominal Muslims,[1]non-practicing Muslims or non-observing Muslims,[2] are people who identify as Muslims but are not religious and do not practice the faith.[3] They may be a non-observing, secular or irreligious[4] individuals who still identify with Islam due to family backgrounds, personal experiences, ethnic and national heritage, or the social and cultural environment in which they grew up.[4][5][6][7][8]
The concept is not always met with acceptance in conservative Islamic communities.[22] Cultural Muslims may be classified as kafir (non-believers) by more conservative Muslims and Islamist groups.[23][24][25]
^Ruthven, Malise (2012). Islam: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 8. ISBN978-0-19-964287-8.
^Lederer, Gyorgy (2009), "Hungary", in Nielsen, Jorgen; Akgönül, Samim; Alibašic, Ahmet; Maréchal, Brigitte; Moe, Christian (eds.), Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, and in Iran Volume 1, BRILL Publishers, p. 13, ISBN978-90-474-2850-3
^Rahnema, Saeed (2009). Diaspora by Design. University of Toronto Press. ISBN978-1-4426-9258-9. This diversity is usually ignored, and in particular, the existence of a large number of secular and laic persons of Muslim cultural background is completely overlooked. These secular Muslims, identified on the basis of cultural origin ...
^ abRassool, G. Hussein (2015). Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice. Routledge. p. 10. ISBN978-1-317-44125-0. The label 'Cultural Muslim' is used in the literature to describe those Muslims who are religiously unobservant, secular or irreligious individuals who still identify with the Muslim culture due to family background, personal experiences, or the social and cultural environment in which they grew up... For Cultural Muslim the declaration of faith is superficial and has no effect of their religious practices.
^Volkmann, Constanze (2018). Muslim Women in Austria and Germany Doing and Undoing Gender: Making Gender Differences and Hierarchies Relevant or Irrelevant. Springer. p. 9. ISBN978-3-658-23952-7.
^Alsultany, Evelyn (2021). Broken: The Failed Promise of Muslim Inclusion. New York University Press. p. 62. ISBN978-1-4985-6919-4. The nominal Muslim is someone who is born into a Muslim family and maybe raised Muslim, but who is not religious and identifies as a cultural or secular Muslim as opposed to a religious Muslim.
^William Kim, David (2017). Religious Encounters in Transcultural Society: Collision, Alteration, and Transmission. Lexington Books. p. 62. ISBN978-1-4985-6919-4.
^Rane, Halim (2018). Islam and Muslims in the West. Springer International Publishing. p. 34. ISBN978-3-319-92510-3. Saeed identifies "secular Muslims" as another trend among contempo- rary Western Muslims. ... Arguably a sub-branch of this approach are Saeed terms "cultural nominalists" (Saeed 2007, 401), whose "Muslim" identity is framed through a cultural lens rather than religious.
^Warde, Ibrahim (2014). Islamic Finance in the Global Economy. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 15–19. ISBN978-0-7486-9647-5.
^Khalid, Adeeb (2007). Islam After Communism: Religion and Politics in Central Asia. Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-24927-1.
^ abB. Marrow, Helen (2021). The New Americans: A Guide to Immigration since 1965. Harvard University Press. pp. 527–533. ISBN978-0-674-04493-7.
^Royall, Frédéric (2016). From Silence to Protest: International Perspectives on Weakly Resourced Groups. Taylor & Francis. p. 105. ISBN978-1-317-13180-9. Muslim immigrants in Western Europe differ in terms of ethnic backgrounds, as well as in terms of religiosity. Research has shown that many religiously unobservant or even irreligious individuals nonetheless identify themselves as "Muslims" because of their family background, their personal attachments, their ethnic and group allegiance, or the social and cultural environment in which they were raised; they are categorized as "cultural" or "nominal" Muslims.
^Sonnenburg, Penny M. (2003), Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, p. 58, ISBN978-1-57607-335-3
^Marsella, Anthony (2007), Ethnocultural Perspectives on Disaster and Trauma: Foundations, Issues, and Applications, Springer Science & Business Media, p. 129, ISBN978-0-387-73285-5
^S. Blinnikov, Mikhail (2021). Geography of Russia and Its Neighbors, Second Edition. Guilford Publications. p. 224. ISBN978-1-4625-4459-2.