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Cuman language
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| Cuman | |
|---|---|
| Kipchak | |
| Tatar til | |
 Codex Cumanicus | |
| Native to | Cuman–Kipchak Confederation, Golden Horde |
| Region | Cumania |
| Ethnicity | Cumans, Kipchaks, Tatars |
| Extinct | In Kunság: 1770, with the death of István Varró[1] Other regions: evolved into Kipchak-Cuman languages |
| Arabic, Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | qwm |
qwm | |
| Glottolog | cuma1241 |
_eng.png) Map of territory occupied by the Cumans around 1200 | |
Cuman or Kuman (also called Kipchak, Qypchaq or Polovtsian, self referred to as Tatar (tatar til) in Codex Cumanicus)[3] was a West Kipchak Turkic language spoken by the Cumans (Polovtsy, Folban, Vallany, Kun) and Kipchaks; the language was similar to today's various languages of the West Kipchak branch. Cuman is documented in medieval works, including the Codex Cumanicus, and in early modern manuscripts, like the notebook of Benedictine monk Johannes ex Grafing.[4] It was a literary language in Central and Eastern Europe that left a rich literary inheritance. The language became the main language (lingua franca) of the Golden Horde.[5]
- ^ Melnyk, Mykola (2022). Byzantium and the Pechenegs.
István Varró, a member of the Jász-Cuman mission to the empress of Austria Maria Theresa and the known last speaker of the Cuman language, died in 1770.
- ^ Glottolog entry for Cuman
- ^ Florin Curta (2007). The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans. p. 406.
- ^ Knauer, Georg Nicholaus (2010). "The Earliest Vocabulary of Romani Words (c. 1515) in the Collectanea of Johannes ex Grafing, a student of Johannes Reuchlin and Conrad Celtis". Romani Studies. 20 (1): 1–15. doi:10.3828/rs.2010.1. S2CID 170292032.
- ^ "Turkic written memorials". Old.unesco.kz. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
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