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Cyclothymia
| Cyclothymia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Cyclothymic disorder, psychothemia, psychothymia, bipolar III, affective personality disorder, cyclothymic personality disorder |
| Specialty | Psychiatry, clinical psychology |
| Symptoms | Periods of depression and elevated mood[1] |
| Complications | Risk of self-harm[1] |
| Causes | Unknown[2] |
| Risk factors | Family history[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, substance misuse disorder[3] |
| Treatment | Psychotherapy, medications[4] |
| Frequency | 0.4–1% at some point in life[3] |
Cyclothymia (/ˌsaɪkləˈθaɪmiə/, siy-kluh-THIY-mee-uh), also known as cyclothymic disorder, psychothemia / psychothymia,[5] bipolar III,[6] affective personality disorder[7] and cyclothymic personality disorder,[8] is a mental and behavioural disorder[9] that involves numerous periods of symptoms of depression and periods of symptoms of elevated mood.[3] These symptoms, however, are not sufficient to indicate a major depressive episode or a manic episode.[3] Symptoms must last for more than one year in children and two years in adults.[3]
The cause of cyclothymia is unknown.[2] Risk factors include a family history of bipolar disorder.[3] Cyclothymia differs from bipolar disorder in the fact that major depression and mania are not found.[3]
Treatment is generally achieved with counseling and mood stabilizers such as lithium.[4] It is estimated that 0.4–1% of people have cyclothymia at some point in their lives.[3] The disorder's onset typically occurs in late childhood to early adulthood.[3] Males and females are affected equally often.[3]
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Koukowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b "Cyclothymia". nhs.uk. 2017-10-18. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 139–141, ISBN 978-0890425558
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Perugi2017was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Psychothymia", The Free Dictionary, retrieved 2022-06-04
- ^ Hoffman, Matthew; MD. "Bipolar Spectrum: Categories of Bipolar Disorder". WebMD. Retrieved 2022-06-04.
- ^ Van Meter, Anna R.; Youngstrom, Eric A.; Findling, Robert L. (2012-06-01). "Cyclothymic disorder: A critical review". Clinical Psychology Review. 32 (4): 229–243. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.001. ISSN 0272-7358. PMID 22459786.
- ^ Oldham, John M (2018-06-01). "DSM models of personality disorders". Current Opinion in Psychology. 21: 86–88. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.09.010. ISSN 2352-250X. PMID 29065382. S2CID 37467469.
- ^ Drs;Sartorius, Norman; Henderson, A.S.; Strotzka, H.; Lipowski, Z.; Yu-cun, Shen; You-xin, Xu; Strömgren, E.; Glatzel, J.; Kühne, G.-E.; Misès, R.; Soldatos, C.R.; Pull, C.B.; Giel, R.; Jegede, R.; Malt, U.; Nadzharov, R.A.; Smulevitch, A.B.; Hagberg, B.; Perris, C.; Scharfetter, C.; Clare, A.; Cooper, J.E.; Corbett, J.A.; Griffith Edwards, J.; Gelder, M.; Goldberg, D.; Gossop, M.; Graham, P.; Kendell, R.E.; Marks, I.; Russell, G.; Rutter, M.; Shepherd, M.; West, D.J.; Wing, J.; Wing, L.; Neki, J.S.; Benson, F.; Cantwell, D.; Guze, S.; Helzer, J.; Holzman, P.; Kleinman, A.; Kupfer, D.J.; Mezzich, J.; Spitzer, R.; Lokar, J. "The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines" (PDF). www.who.int World Health Organization. Microsoft Word. bluebook.doc. p. 106. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2004-10-17. Retrieved 23 June 2021 – via Microsoft Bing.
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