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Dapsone
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Aczone, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682128 |
| License data | |
| Routes of administration | By mouth, topical |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 70 to 80% |
| Protein binding | 70 to 90% |
| Metabolism | Liver (mostly CYP2E1-mediated) |
| Elimination half-life | 20 to 30 hours |
| Excretion | Kidney |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.136 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C12H12N2O2S |
| Molar mass | 248.30 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 175 to 176 °C (347 to 349 °F) |
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Dapsone, also known as 4,4'-sulfonyldianiline (SDA) or diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS),[3] is an antibiotic commonly used in combination with rifampicin and clofazimine for the treatment of leprosy.[4] It is a second-line medication for the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia and for the prevention of toxoplasmosis in those who have poor immune function.[4] Additionally, it has been used for acne, dermatitis herpetiformis, and various other skin conditions.[5] Dapsone is available both topically and by mouth.[6]
Severe side effects may include a decrease in blood cells, red blood cell breakdown especially in those with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G-6-PD), or hypersensitivity.[4] Common side effects include nausea and loss of appetite.[6] Other side effects include liver inflammation, methemoglobinemia,[7] and a number of types of skin rashes.[4] While the safety of use during pregnancy is not entirely clear some physicians recommend that it be continued in those with leprosy.[4] It is of the sulfone class.[4]
Dapsone was first studied as an antibiotic in 1937.[5] Its use for leprosy began in 1945.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] The form, which is taken by mouth, is available as a generic drug and not very expensive.[4][9]
- ^ https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/dapsomed-medsurge-pharma-pty-ltd
- ^ "Dapsone Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 11 November 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Lemke TL (2008). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1142. ISBN 9780781768795. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Dapsone (Systemic) Monograph for Professionals". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2015-01-12. Retrieved January 12, 2015.
- ^ a b c Zhu YI, Stiller MJ (September 2001). "Dapsone and sulfones in dermatology: overview and update". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 45 (3): 420–434. doi:10.1067/mjd.2001.114733. PMID 11511841. S2CID 39874987.
- ^ a b Gallant JE (2008). Johns Hopkins HIV Guide 2012. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 193. ISBN 9781449619794. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
- ^ Ash-Bernal R, Wise R, Wright SM (September 2004). "Acquired methemoglobinemia: a retrospective series of 138 cases at 2 teaching hospitals". Medicine. 83 (5): 265–273. doi:10.1097/01.md.0000141096.00377.3f. PMID 15342970. S2CID 40957843.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ Greenwood D (2008). Antimicrobial Drugs: Chronicle of a Twentieth Century Medical Triumph. Oxford University Press. p. 197. ISBN 9780199534845. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
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