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Draft:White Beaches
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43°22′21.73″N 10°26′24.32″E / 43.3727028°N 10.4400889°E
The Spiagge Bianche (White Beaches) are a stretch of about five kilometers of sandy coastline located in the municipality of Rosignano Marittimo in Tuscany, between the hamlets of Rosignano Solvay and the center of the hamlet of Vada.[1] Bathed by the Ligurian Sea,[2] they are located at the northernmost edge of the Maremma coastline.
The unusual color of the sand, which leads to comparisons with tropical coastlines, is the result of years of processing and discharge of calcium carbonate by a Solvay Group plant located in Rosignano Solvay, about a kilometer from the coast.[3] The soda plant, which is the largest in Europe,[4] was built in 1912 near the beach and began operations in 1914, producing, in addition to soda ash, hydrogen peroxide, polyethylene, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and hydrochloric acid.[4] Access to the beach is via a small hill that until 1983[5] served as a dump for production waste and domestic refuse.[6]
Due to the Solvay discharges, which include various pollutants[7] toxic and/or carcinogenic (including mercury, once released during processing through the sodium chloride electrolysis plant), Spiagge Bianche is among the most polluted beaches in Italy, and fishing in the surrounding waters is extremely limited.[4][8] Additionally, this stretch of coast is among the 15 most polluted coastal sites in Italy according to the United Nations Environment Programme, the United Nations environmental program.[9] Over 100,000 tons of waste are discharged into the sea each year.[9][10] Despite this, even in the years before the industry's conversion, this stretch of coast has been awarded the Blue Flag several times[11] and Spiagge Bianche remains one of the most popular seaside destinations in Tuscany despite the strict ban on swimming and lingering issued by the municipality of Rosignano near the industrial waste discharge.[6]
- ^ "Spiagge Bianche". Toscanamediterranea.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- ^ "Where is the boundary between the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea?". Touringclub.it. Archived from the original on May 31, 2015. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
- ^ "Rosignano Marittimo and Spiagge Bianche". Informazioni.terradeglietruschi.it. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- ^ a b c "The Caribbean of the Tyrrhenian Sea: beaches, soda, and gas". Lungomarecastiglioncello.it. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
- ^ but kept open until 1986
- ^ a b Antonio Valentini (July 8, 2012). "The Chemical Caribbean Whiter than the Sun". Retrieved July 11, 2012.
- ^ "Spiagge Bianche and Solvay: the Terranostra Report". Senzasoste.it. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
- ^ "Caribbean of the Tyrrhenian Sea". Corriere.it. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
- ^ a b "Solvay of Rosignano, recent history in a video". Medicinademocraticalivorno.it. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
- ^ "The State of the Art on Conversions" (PDF). Legambiente.eu. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- ^ "Spiagge Bianche of Vada overlook a crystal-clear sea". Turismo.intoscana.it. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
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