Dredging

Dredging is the excavation of material from a water environment. Possible reasons for dredging include improving existing water features; reshaping land and water features to alter drainage, navigability, and commercial use; constructing dams, dikes, and other controls for streams and shorelines; and recovering valuable mineral deposits or marine life having commercial value. In all but a few situations the excavation is undertaken by a specialist floating plant, known as a dredger.

Usually the main objectives of dredging is to recover material of value, or to create a greater depth of water.^[1] Dredging systems can either be shore-based, brought to a location based on barges, or built into purpose-built vessels.

Dredging can have environmental impacts: it can disturb marine sediments, leading to both short- and long-term water pollution, damage or destroy seabed ecosystems, and can release legacy human-sourced toxins captured in the sediment. These environmental impacts can reduce marine wildlife populations in some cases, contaminate sources of drinking water and interrupt economic activities such as fishing.