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Economy of Moldova

Economy of Moldova
The International Business Centre Skytower in Chișinău
CurrencyMoldovan leu (MDL)
Calendar year
Trade organisations
WTO, GUAM, CEFTA, BSEC, CISFTA, EAEU (observer)
Country group
Statistics
PopulationDecrease 3.33 million (2024 est)[4]
GDP
  • Increase $18.145 billion (nominal, 2024 est.)[4]
  • Increase $44 billion (PPP, 2024 est.)[4]
GDP rank
GDP growth
  • 1.0% (2023)
  • 2.6% (2024)
  • 4.8% (2025)[4]
GDP per capita
  • Increase $7,488 (nominal, 2024 est.)[4]
  • Increase $17,902 (PPP, 2024 est.)[4]
GDP per capita rank
GDP by sector
  • 13.4% (2023)
  • 5.0% (2024)
  • 5.0% (2025)[4]
Population below poverty line
  • Negative increase 26.8% (2020)[6]
  • 14% on less than $6.85/day (2021)[7]
Negative increase 26.0 low (2019)[8]
Increase 42 out of 100 points (2023)[10] (76th)
Labour force
  • Increase 900.4 thousand (Q2, 2022)[11]
  • Increase 41.3% employment rate (Q2, 2022)[11]
Labour force by occupation
Unemployment
  • Positive decrease 2.4% (Q2, 2022)[11]
  • Positive decrease 21.6 thousand unemployed (Q2, 2022)[11]
Average gross salary
MDL 14,116.8 / €732 / $752 monthly (Q3, 2024)[13]
MDL 11,304.74 / €585 / $602 monthly (Q3, 2024)[14][15][16]
Main industries
Food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles, sugar processing, vegetable oil.[17]
External
Exports
  • Decrease $4.048 billion (2023)[18]
  • Increase $4.332 billion (2022)[18]
  • Increase $3.144 billion (2021)[18]
Export goods
Cereals and cereal-based products; seeds and oleaginous fruits; electrical machines, appliances and parts thereof; vegetable fats and oils − fixed, crude, refined or fractionated; vegetables and fruits; clothing and accessories; furniture and parts thereof; alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages; yarns, fabrics, textiles and related products; road vehicles; Others.[17][19][20]
Main export partners
Imports
  • Decrease $8.675 billion (2023)[22]
  • Increase $9.218 billion (2022)[22]
  • Increase $7.176 billion (2011)[22]
Import goods
Refined petroleum and oils obtained from bituminous minerals; Medicaments; Motor cars and other motor vehicles, including station wagons and tractors; Insulated wire, cable and other insulated conductors; Optical, photographic, cinematographic instruments and apparatus; Insecticides, rodenticides, herbicides and similar products; Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits (switches, relays, fuses, etc.); Automatic data processing machines; Chemical products; Others.[17][23][24]
Main import partners
FDI stock
  • Increase $4.851 billion (2020 est.)[25]
  • FDI net flux: Decrease $62.45 million (2020 est.)
  • Decrease $ −1.8 billion (2022 est.)[4]
  • Decrease −12.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
  • Positive decrease $8.687 billion (30 June 2022)[26]
  • Positive decrease 60.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Public finances
  • Negative increase MDL 82.742 billion (30 June 2022)[27]
  • Positive decrease 29.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
  • Decrease MDL −17.219 billion (2022 est.)[4]
  • Decrease −6.19% of GDP (2022 est.)
Revenues
  • Increase MDL 89.610 billion (2022 est.)[4]
  • Increase 32.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Expenses
  • Negative increase MDL 106.8 billion (2022 est.)[4]
  • Negative increase 38.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Moody's (2022):[28]
B3
Outlook: Negative
Increase $4.228 billion (30 Sep 2022)[29]
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.

The economy of Moldova is an emerging[1] upper-middle income economy,[2] Moldova is a landlocked Eastern European country, bordered by Ukraine on the East and Romania to the West. It is a former Soviet republic and today a candidate member to the European Union.[30]

  1. ^ a b "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022. Emerging market and developing economies. Emerging and developing Europe (16 countries)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 6 May 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  2. ^ a b "World Bank Country and Lending Groups". datahelpdesk.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  3. ^ "Moldova". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022. Moldova". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund.
  5. ^ "Moldova: Distribution of gross domestic product (GDP) across economic sectors from 2011 to 2022". statista.com. Statista. Sep 8, 2022. Archived from the original on March 28, 2024. Retrieved Mar 28, 2024. In 2021, agriculture contributed around 10.39 percent to the GDP of Moldova, 20.61 percent came from the industry and 54.85 percent from the services sector.
  6. ^ "Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)". World Bank. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  7. ^ "Poverty headcount ratio at $6.85 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) - Moldova". World Bank.
  8. ^ "Gini index - Moldova". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 25 April 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  9. ^ a b "Human Development Reports: Moldova (Republic of)". Human Development Reports. HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  10. ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index". Transparency International. 30 January 2024. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  11. ^ a b c d "Biroul Național de Statistică al Republicii Moldova. Forţa de muncă". statistica.gov.md (in Romanian). National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 15 Oct 2022.
  12. ^ "Forța de muncă în Republica Moldova: ocuparea și șomajul în trimestrul II 2022". statistica.gov.md (in Romanian). National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. 2 Sep 2022. Retrieved 15 Oct 2022.[permanent dead link‍]
  13. ^ "Banca de date statistice Moldova / Câştigul salarial mediu lunar brut". statbank.statistica.md (in Romanian). National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. Archived from the original on 9 Feb 2025. Retrieved 9 Feb 2025. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 18 May 2023 suggested (help)
  14. ^ "Calculator salarii brut – net – total 2022". Salarii.md (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 9 Feb 2025.
  15. ^ "11,304.74 MDL to EUR - Convert Moldovan Lei to Euros". WorldForexRates. 2025-02-09. Archived from the original on 2025-02-09. Retrieved 2025-02-09. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 2022-09-24 suggested (help)
  16. ^ "11,304.74 MDL to USD - Convert Moldovan Lei to US Dollars". WorldForexRates. 2025-02-09. Archived from the original on 2025-02-09. Retrieved 2025-02-09. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 2023-05-18 suggested (help)
  17. ^ a b c "The World Factbook". CIA.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  18. ^ a b c "Exporturile Republicii Moldova, structurate pe tari si grupe de tari, 1997-2023". statbank.statistica.md (in Romanian). National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  19. ^ "Republica Moldova, tot mai legată de exporturile mărfurilor în UE. România e destinație principală, Rusia în scădere abruptă". G4 Media (in Romanian). 17 May 2022. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  20. ^ "What does Moldova export? (2020)". oec.world. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  21. ^ a b "Comerțul internațional cu mărfuri al Republicii Moldova în luna decembrie 2023 și în anul 2023 pe ansamblu". statistica.gov.md (in Romanian). National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  22. ^ a b c "Importurile Republicii Moldova, structurate pe tari si grupe de tari, 1997-2021". statbank.statistica.md (in Romanian). National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
  23. ^ "Moldova. Imports and Exports. World−ALL COMMODITIES−Value (US$) and Value Growth, YoY (%). 2009 - 2020". trendeconomy.com. TrendEconomy. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  24. ^ "What does Moldova import? (2020)". oec.world. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  25. ^ "Investiţiile străine directe: Impactul asupra economiei Republicii Moldova. 2021 report, p. 15" (PDF). fia.md (in Romanian). Foreign Investors Association. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  26. ^ "External debt / Datoria externă la sfârșitul trimestrului II 2022 (date provizorii)". bnm.md (in Romanian). National Bank of Moldova. 30 Sep 2022. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 15 Oct 2022. Conform datelor preliminare, datoria externă brută a Republicii Moldova s-a diminuat neesențial pe parcursul trimestrului II 2022, cu 0,9 la sută și a totalizat 8 687,24 mil. USD la 30.06.2022, ceea ce constituie 60,9 la sută raportat la PIB (-3,2 p.p. față de 31.12.2021).
  27. ^ "RAPORT privind situaţia în domeniul datoriei sectorului public, garanţiilor de stat şi recreditării de stat în semestrul I al anului 2022" (PDF). mf.gov.md (in Romanian). Ministry of Finance (Moldova). p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 Oct 2022. Drept urmare a analizei privind evoluția datoriei sectorului public, se atestă o creșterea soldului acesteia cu 1,1% la situația din 30 iunie 2022 comparativ cu sfârșitul anului 2021, constituind 82 742,2 mil. lei sau 29,6% din PIB-ul prognozat pentru anul 2022. Ca pondere în PIB, datoria sectorului public s-a micșorat cu 4,2 p.p. comparativ cu situația de la finele anului 2021.
  28. ^ "Moldova: Sovereign credit ratings (measure: Sovereign credit rating, source: Standard & Poor's, Moody's, Fitch, and Scope)". theglobaleconomy.com. The Global Economy. April 2022. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  29. ^ "Report : Official reserve assets and other foreign currency assets". bnm.md. National Bank of Moldova. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 15 Oct 2022.
  30. ^ "EU awards Ukraine and Moldova candidate status". BBC News. 2022-06-23. Archived from the original on 2022-06-23. Retrieved 2022-08-16.

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