European Union Customs Union

European Union Customs Union
EU member states   Non-EU states which participate in the customs union, or are in bilateral customs unions with the EU
Type	Customs union
Membership	27 EU member states  Austria  Belgium  Bulgaria  Croatia  Cyprus  Czech Republic  Denmark  Estonia  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Hungary  Ireland  Italy  Latvia  Lithuania  Luxembourg  Malta  Netherlands  Poland  Portugal  Romania  Slovakia  Slovenia  Spain  Sweden 5 states/territories with bilateral agreements  Andorra  Monaco  San Marino  Turkey  Akrotiri and Dhekelia (United Kingdom)
Establishment	1968[1]
Area
• Total	4,950,000 km2 (1,910,000 sq mi)
Population
• 2021 estimate	518,000,000
GDP (PPP)	2021 estimate
• Total	$16.1 trillion
GDP (nominal)	2021 estimate
• Total	$16.6 trillion

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The European Union Customs Union (EUCU), formally known as the Community Customs Union, is a customs union which consists of all the member states of the European Union (EU), Monaco, and the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia. Some detached territories of EU states do not participate in the customs union, usually as a result of their geographic separation.^[a] In addition to the EUCU, the EU is in customs unions with Andorra, San Marino and Turkey (with the exceptions of certain goods),^[b] through separate bilateral agreements.^[2]

There are no tariffs or non-tariff barriers to trade between the members of the customs union and – unlike a free trade area – members of the customs union impose a common external tariff on all goods entering the union.^[3]

The European Commission negotiates for and on behalf of the Union as a whole in international trade deals, rather than each member state negotiating individually. It also represents the Union in the World Trade Organization and any trade disputes mediated through it.

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