Feminism in Poland describes a collection of movements in Poland working to expand gender equality. Although there are instances of feminist ideas in Poland–most prominently in the expansion of women’s rights under state socialism, the role of women in the fall of communism and the conservative revolution after 1989–feminism as a concept is primarily written off either as an individualistic Western ideal or part of communist ideology. [1]
Feminism is typically divided into periods and waves. However, Polish feminism has progressed outside of the typical wave structure associated with Western feminism. Polish feminism can be tied to ideals of the second and third waves of feminism, but it paradoxically exists between the waves. Polish feminists have used third wave strategies to fight for rights that are associated with the second wave like equal pay and reproductive justice, for example. [2]
Poland stands in a unique position due to the increasing role of the Catholic Church and complex association of feminism with communist rule.[1] Polish cultural values prioritize traditional ideals, positioning feminism as a challenge to deeply held beliefs.[1][2]
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