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Galleon
Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships developed in Spain and Portugal[3][4][5][6] and first used as armed cargo carriers by Europeans from the 16th to 18th centuries during the Age of Sail and were the principal vessels drafted for use as warships until the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the mid-17th century.[7] Galleons generally carried three or more masts with a lateen fore-and-aft rig on the rear masts, were carvel built with a prominent squared off raised stern, and used square-rigged sail plans on their fore-mast and main-masts.
Such ships played a major role in commerce in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and were often drafted into use as auxiliary naval war vessels—indeed, they were the mainstay of contending fleets through most of the 150 years of the Age of Exploration—before the Anglo-Dutch wars made purpose-built warships dominant at sea during the remainder of the Age of Sail.
- ^ [1] Galeão – Navegações Portuguesas by Francisco Contente Domingues (in Portuguese)
- ^ Despite this kind of ship (or only a close model of art) was already depicted in the heraldry of the Foral of Lisbon (of D. Manuel I) in 1502, it is in 1510 (as also in some of the following years after 1510) the appearance of the Portuguese oceanic galleon in the records. It is however from 1519 that their number increases substantially, but gradually. It was an evolution and a gradual improvement in the design made during the first quarter of the century – technical improvement which continued until the second half of the century. The Portuguese galleon evolved from the square rigged caravel and was a compromise between the great carrack or nau and the aforementioned square rigged caravel or war caravel (also called caravela de armada or Portuguese man of war) that evolved into a new design of ship, but keeping its hull design similar to the galley.[1] It was also more maneuverable, more robust and heavily armed.
- ^ Black, Jeremy (28 March 1996). The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-521-47033-9. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ^ Timothy R. Walton, The Spanish Treasure Fleets, Pineapple Press Inc, 2002, p. 57 ISBN 1-56164-261-4
- ^ Mariano González Arnao, A prueba de piratas, n.º 61 de La aventura de la Historia, Arlanza Ediciones, November 2003
- ^ Carlos Gómez-Centurión, La Armada Invencible, Biblioteca Básica de Historia -Monografías-, Anaya, Madrid, 1987, ISBN 84-7525-435-5
- ^ Lane, Kris E. Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas 1500–1750. M. E. Sharpe, 1998.
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