Gender roles in childhood

Gender roles are culturally influenced stereotypes which create expectations for appropriate behavior for males and females.^[1]^[2]^[3] An understanding of these roles is evident in children as young as age four.^[4] Children between 3 and 6 months can form distinctions between male and female faces.^[5] By ten months, infants can associate certain objects with females and males, like a hammer with males or scarf with females.^[5] Gender roles are influenced by the media, family, the environment, and society.^[6] In addition to biological maturation, children develop within a set of gender-specific social and behavioral norms embedded in family structure, natural play patterns, close friendships, and the teeming social jungle of school life.^[6] The gender roles encountered in childhood play a large part in shaping an individual's self-concept and influence the way an individual forms relationships later on in life.^[7]

^ "Talking to young kids about gender stereotypes | The Line". www.theline.org.au. Retrieved 2018-12-13.
^ Boseley, Sarah (20 September 2017). "Children are straitjacketed into gender roles in early adolescence, says study". The Guardian.
^ "UNICEF - Early Childhood - Early Gender Socialization". unicef.org. Retrieved 2018-12-13.
^ Gender Identity and Gender Confusion in Children. (11 May 2013). HealthyChildren.org. Retrieved 11 November 2013 from http://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/pages/Gender-Identity-and-Gender-Confusion-In-Children.aspx
^ ^a ^b Quinn, Paul C; Yahr, Joshua; Kuhn, Abbie; Slater, Alan M; Pascalis, Olivier (2002). "Representation of the Gender of Human Faces by Infants: A Preference for Female" (PDF). Perception. 31 (9): 1109–1121. doi:10.1068/p3331. ISSN 0301-0066. PMID 12375875. S2CID 11359932.
^ ^a ^b "15.4: Development of Gender Identity". Social Sci LibreTexts. 2019-10-01. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
^ Beal, Carole R. (1994). Boys and girls: The development of gender roles. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 007004533X.^{[page needed]}

[1] "Talking to young kids about gender stereotypes | The Line". www.theline.org.au. Retrieved 2018-12-13.

[2] Boseley, Sarah (20 September 2017). "Children are straitjacketed into gender roles in early adolescence, says study". The Guardian.

[:0-3] "UNICEF - Early Childhood - Early Gender Socialization". unicef.org. Retrieved 2018-12-13.

[healthychildren-4] Gender Identity and Gender Confusion in Children. (11 May 2013). HealthyChildren.org. Retrieved 11 November 2013 from http://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/pages/Gender-Identity-and-Gender-Confusion-In-Children.aspx

[{{doi|10.1068/p3331}}-5] Quinn, Paul C; Yahr, Joshua; Kuhn, Abbie; Slater, Alan M; Pascalis, Olivier (2002). "Representation of the Gender of Human Faces by Infants: A Preference for Female" (PDF). Perception. 31 (9): 1109–1121. doi:10.1068/p3331. ISSN 0301-0066. PMID 12375875. S2CID 11359932.

[socialsci.libretexts.org-6] "15.4: Development of Gender Identity". Social Sci LibreTexts. 2019-10-01. Retrieved 2023-03-21.

[Beal_1994-7] Beal, Carole R. (1994). Boys and girls: The development of gender roles. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 007004533X.^{[page needed]}

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Gender roles in childhood

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